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. 2021 Jun 10;54(7):1463–1477.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.05.004

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Metformin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation via ETCCI, independently of AMPK

(A) IB analysis of Ndufs4 (left), Casp1 p20, mature IL-1β, and cleaved GSDMD (right) in culture supernatants and cell lysates of LPS (100 ng/mL, 4 h)-primed wild type (W) or Ndufs4−/− (K) BMDM stimulated −/+ ATP (4 mM, 1 h).

(B) Relative total mtDNA amounts in LPS (200 ng/mL, 4 h)-primed wild type (WT) or Ndufs4−/− BMDM. The ratio of D-loop mtDNA to Tert nDNA, Cox1 mtDNA to 18S nDNA, or mtDNA that is not inserted into nuclear DNA (non-NUMT) to B2m nDNA is shown.

(C) IB analysis of AMPKα (left), Casp1 p20 and mature IL-1β (right) in culture supernatants and lysates of LPS-primed wild type (W) or Ampkα1−/− (K) BMDM stimulated -/+ ATP.

(D) Relative total mtDNA amounts in LPS-primed shCtrl- and shPrkaa1-transfected BMDM. The ratio of D-loop mtDNA to Tert nDNA, Cox1 mtDNA to 18S nDNA, or mtDNA that is not inserted into nuclear DNA (non-NUMT) to B2m nDNA is shown.

All IB show one representative out of 3. Results are averages ± SD (n = 3). ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01. Two-sided unpaired t test. See also Figure S4.