Table 1.
Characteristics on admission to hospital and outcomes of the study population.
| Total (n = 377) | Survivor (n = 292) | Nonsurvivor (n = 85) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 59.7 ± 16.4 | 56.7 ± 15.8 | 70.1 ± 13.9 |
| <50 | 103 (27.3) | 97 (33.2) | 6 (7.1) |
| 50–65 | 130 (34.5) | 108 (37.0) | 22 (25.9) |
| >65 | 144 (38.2) | 87 (29.8) | 57 (67.1) |
|
| |||
| Sex | |||
| Female | 163 (43.2) | 135 (46.2) | 28 (32.9) |
| Male | 214 (56.8) | 157 (53.8) | 57 (67.1) |
|
| |||
| Symptoms | |||
| Cough | 335/360 (93.1) | 262/281 (93.2) | 73/79 (92.4) |
| Fever | 280/346 (80.9) | 219/272 (80.5) | 61/74 (82.4) |
| Dyspnea | 258/294 (87.8) | 191/222 (86.0) | 67/72 (93.1) |
| Asthenia | 136/137 (99.3) | 117/118 (99.2) | 19/19 (100.0) |
| Sore throat | 106/153 (69.3) | 91/128 (71.1) | 15/25 (60.0) |
| Diarrhea | 77/154 (50.0) | 63/121 (52.1) | 14/33 (42.4) |
|
| |||
| Comorbidities | |||
| Arterial hypertension | 149 (39.5) | 99 (33.9) | 50 (58.8) |
| Overweight | 145 (38.5) | 122 (58.2) | 23 (27.1) |
| Obesity | 114 (30.2) | 90 (30.8) | 24 (28.2) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 82 (21.8) | 55 (18.8) | 27 (31.8) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 34 (9.0) | 17 (5.8) | 17 (20.0) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 19 (5.0) | 10 (3.4) | 9 (10.6) |
| Coronary artery disease | 18 (4.8) | 13 (4.5) | 5 (5.9) |
| Heart failure | 17 (4.5) | 10 (3.4) | 7 (8.2) |
|
| |||
| Number of comorbidities | |||
| 0 | 44 (11.7) | 32 (11.0) | 12 (14.1) |
| 1 | 169 (44.8) | 130 (44.5) | 39 (45.9) |
| 2 | 83 (22.0) | 63 (21.6) | 20 (23.5) |
| 3 | 57 (15.1) | 48 (16.4) | 9 (10.6) |
| ≥4 | 24 (6.4) | 19 (6.5) | 5 (5.9) |
|
| |||
| Smoking status | |||
| Current smoking | 7 (1.9) | 6 (2.1) | 1 (1.2) |
| Former smoking | 38 (10.1) | 28 (9.6) | 10 (11.8) |
| Body mass index | 27.3 (24.1–30.9) | 27.4 (24.8–31.0) | 25.8 (22.8–30.9) |
|
| |||
| Baseline vital signs | |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 128.0 (116.0–140.0) | 127.0 (115.0–138.0) | 130.0 (119.3–151.8) |
| Heart rate, bpm | 96.3 ± 17.5 | 96.0 ± 16.5 | 97.1 ± 20.7 |
| Respiratory rate, bpm | 20 (18–22) | 20 (18–21) | 20 (19–24) |
|
| |||
| Pneumonia severity | |||
|
| |||
| CURB-65 | |||
| 0 or 1 | 251/342 (73.4) | 215/262 (82.1) | 36/80 (45.0) |
| 2 | 79/342 (23.1) | 41/262 (15.6) | 38/80 (47.5) |
| ≥3 | 12/342 (3.5) | 6/262 (2.3) | 6/80 (7.5) |
|
| |||
| qSOFA | |||
| 0 or 1 | 324/337 (96.3) | 267/275 (97.1) | 75/80 (93.8) |
| ≥2 | 13/337 (3.7) | 8/275 (2.9) | 5/80 (6.2) |
| Days from illness onset to hospital admission | 7 (4–9) | 7 (4–10) | 6 (4–8) |
| Days from illness onset to ICU admission | 9 (6–11) | 9 (7–12) | 8 (6–10) |
|
| |||
| Outcomes | |||
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 123 (32.6) | 50 (17.1) | 73 (85.9) |
| ICU admission | 158 (41.9) | 85 (29.1) | 73 (85.9) |
| ICU length of stay, days | 8 (3–15) | 7 (3–14) | 10 (3–17) |
| Length of hospital stay, days | 9 (6–15) | 9 (6–14) | 10 (5–18) |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range), or n/N (%), where N is the total number of patients with available data.