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. 2021 Jan 19;40(7):2753–2761. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05558-7

Table 3.

Patient-reported outcomes stratified by gender(N 2846, unless otherwise specified)

Men (n 1100)(mean ± SD or %) Women (n 1746)(mean ± SD or %) p
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs)
  BASDAI (0–10) n 2584 5.1 ± 2.0 5.7 ± 1.9 < 0.001
    - Fatigue, n 2636 5.7 ± 2.4 6.6 ± 2.2 < 0.001
    - Neck, back or hip pain, n 2636 5.6 ± 2.4 6.2 ± 2.2 < 0.001
    - Pain other than neck, back or hip, n 2636 4.3 ± 2.7 4.9 ± 2.6 < 0.001
    - Discomfort to touch or pressure, n 2636 4.5 ± 2.7 5.6 ± 2.6 < 0.001
    - Morning stiffness level, n 2636 5.3 ± 2.6 5.9 ± 2.6 < 0.001
    - Morning stiffness duration, n 2584 4.5 ± 2.8 4.7 ± 2.8 0.070
  Stiffness (3–12), n 2707 7.7 ± 2.6 7.8 ± 2.4 0.107
  Functional limitation (0–54), n 2771 19.1 ± 16.7 21.2 ± 16.0 < 0.001
  GHQ-12*, n 2640 4.4 ± 4.2 5.3 ± 4.1 < 0.001
  GHQ-12* ≥ 3 564 (55.4) 1060 (65.4) < 0.001
 Diagnosis of anxiety 243 (30.6) 566 (43.3) < 0.001
 Diagnosis of depression 238 (30.1) 472 (36.1) < 0.001

GHQ-12: 12-item General Health Questionnaire

*A value ≥ 3 implies a risk of psychological distress

Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level