Table 1.
Summary of previous work on IUA pathogenesis
| Species | Tissue | Sample size | Cell line/cell model | Molecules/pathways associated with IUA pathogenesis | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | Animal model | |||||
| Human; rabbit | Blood/uterine tissue | 60 patients and 30 fertile women | 18 IUA rabbit models and 18 mature female fertile rabbits | – | Smad3; Smad7; TGF-β1 | [31] |
| Human; rat | Endometrial tissue | 40 intrauterine adhesion tissues and 20 normal endometrium tissues | 30 IUA rats (phenol mucilage treatment), 15 rats for sham group (with mock treatment), and 15 rats for normal group (with no treatment) | – | NF-κB | [33] |
| Human; rat | Endometrial tissue | 92 patients and 86 women in control group | 50 rats were divided into control group, sham group, model group, NC-siRNA group, and KDR-siRNA group, with 10 rats in each group | – | KDR; TGF-β1/SMAD pathway; MMP-9 | [30] |
| Human; mouse | Women endometrial tissue; mouse uterine horns | 19 women with IUA and 16 disease-free women as control group | Not indicated | – | SOX2; NANOG; OCT4 | [34] |
| Rat | Endometrial tissue | – | 6 rats in IUA group and 6 in sham group | – | TGF-β1/BMP7/SMAD pathway; epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) | [29] |
| Human; rat | Endometrial tissue | 76 IUA patients and 20 samples of normal endometrium | 70 rats in experimental group and 10 in control group | – | TGF-β1; MMP-9; ERα; SDF-1/CXCR-4 axis | [26] |
| Rat | Endometrial tissue | 12 rat IUA models, 4 rats in sham-operated group, and 4 in control group | – | – | miR-29b; Sp1/TGF-β1/SMAD-CTGF | [35] |
| Human | Endometrial tissue | 3 patients with severe IUA (the sample size of normal endometrium was not indicated) | – | – | miR-513a-5p; miR-135a-3p; miR-543; N-cadherin; collagen 16A1; ADAM9; lysyl oxidase | [36] |
| Human; mouse | Endometrial tissue | 39 patients with IUAs and 28 normal control cases | 12 mice were divided into three groups: IUAs (n = 3), miR-1291 antagomir (n = 3), and NC (n = 3) | – | miR-1291; ArhGAP29; RhoA/ROCK1 EMT pathway | [37] |
| Human | Endometrial tissue | Not indicated | – | Primary endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) | miR-29b; TGF-β1/SMAD pathway | [38] |
| Human | Endometrial tissue | 70 endometrium tissue from IUA patients, 15 from patients with uterine septum, and 15 normal endometrium | – | RL95–2 | TGF-β; CCN2; NF-κB pathway | [27] |
| Human | Endometrial tissue | 30 endometrial tissues from IUA patients and 15 normal endometrial tissues | – | Primary endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) | miRNA-326; TGF-β1/Smad3 | [25] |