Table 1.
Summary of significant Mann–Whitney U tests for radiomic features created from pre-contrast images
| Radiomic feature | No-upgrade | Upgrade | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||
| Skewness (FO) |
− 0.322 (− 0.629 to 0.186) |
− 0.580 (− 1.013 to − 0.342) |
0.011 |
| Joint average (GLCM) |
18.7 (16.2 to 20.3) |
19.9 (17.2 to 22.0) |
0.025 |
| Sum average (GLCM) |
37.3 (32.3 to 40.7) |
39.8 (34.5 to 44.0) |
0.025 |
| Auto correlation (GLCM) |
362 (286 to 434) |
412 (313 to 495) |
0.029 |
| hglre (RLM) |
358 (288 to 422) |
397 (313 to 485) |
0.036 |
| lrhgle (RLM) |
462 (377 to 581) |
567 (427 to 659) |
0.018 |
| srhgle (RLM) |
333 (266 to 392) |
360 (294 to 437) |
0.049 |
| hglze (SZM) |
347 (284 to 414) |
389 (305 to 469) |
0.042 |
| lzhgle (SZM) |
1027 (726 to 1462) |
1281 (937 to 1965) |
0.040 |
| hgce (NGLDM) |
363 (288 to 427) |
399 (314 to 490) |
0.038 |
| hdhge (NGLDM) |
1266 (936 to 1778) |
1542 (1209 to 2280) |
0.021 |
Median values with associated interquartile range (IQR) are reported as non-parametric tests were performed. Features selected for advancement to model development are italicized
FO first-order, GLCM gray-level co-occurrence matrix, RLM run-length matrix, SZM size zone matrix, NGLDM neighborhood gray-level dependence matrix, hglre high gray-level run emphasis, lrhgle long-run high gray-level emphasis, srhgle short-run high gray-level emphasis, hglze high gray-level zone emphasis; lzhgle large zone high gray-level emphasis, hgce high gray-level count emphasis, hdhge high dependence high gray-level emphasis