Table 5.
Univariate analysis according to independent radiologist assessment
| Imaging feature | Reader 1 | p-value | Reader 2 | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | No-upgrade | Upgrade | Overall | No-upgrade | Upgrade | |||
| BPE | 0.11 | 0.9 | ||||||
| Minimal | 33 (24) | 27 (24) | 6 (21) | 24 (17) | 20 (18) | 4 (14) | ||
| Mild | 46 (33) | 39 (35) | 7 (25) | 41 (29) | 34 (31) | 7 (25) | ||
| Moderate | 50 (36) | 35 (32) | 15 (54) | 55 (40) | 42 (38) | 13 (46) | ||
| Marked | 10 (7.2) | 10 (9) | 0 (0) | 19 (14) | 15 (14) | 4 (14) | ||
| FGT | 0.6 | 0.8 | ||||||
| Almost entirely fat | 2 (1.4) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (3.6) | 1 | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | ||
| Scattered FGT | 35 (25) | 28 (25) | 7 (25) | 37 (27) | 29 (26) | 8 (29) | ||
| Heterogeneous FGT | 91 (65) | 72 (65) | 19 (68) | 73 (53) | 57 (51) | 16 (57) | ||
| Extreme FGT | 11 (7.9) | 10 (9) | 1 (3.6) | 28 (20) | 24 (22) | 4 (14) | ||
| Depth | > 0.9 | 0.9 | ||||||
| Anterior | 35 (25) | 28 (25) | 7 (25) | 36 (26) | 28 (25) | 8 (29) | ||
| Middle | 74 (53) | 59 (53) | 15 (54) | 70 (50) | 57 (51) | 13 (46) | ||
| Posterior | 30 (22) | 24 (22) | 6 (21) | 33 (24) | 26 (23) | 7 (25) | ||
| T2 signal intensity | 0.9 | 0.8 | ||||||
| Hypointense | 2 (1.4) | 2 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 17 (12) | 13 (12) | 4 (14) | ||
| Isointense | 99 (71) | 78 (70) | 21 (75) | 85 (61) | 67 (60) | 18 (64) | ||
| Hyperintense | 38 (27) | 31 (28) | 7 (25) | 37 (27) | 31 (28) | 6 (21) | ||
| DWI signal (75 lesions) | 0.7 | 0.5 | ||||||
| Homogeneous | 29 (39) | 24 (41) | 5 (29) | 28 (37) | 24 (41) | 4 (24) | ||
| Heterogeneous | 6 (8) | 4 (6.9) | 2 (12) | 16 (21) | 12 (21) | 4 (24) | ||
| Rim | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0) | ||
| No correlate | 39 (52) | 29 (50) | 10 (59) | 30 (40) | 21 (36) | 9 (53) | ||
| ADC signal (61 lesions) | 0.4 | > 0.9 | ||||||
| Hyperintense | 4 (6.6) | 3 (6.4) | 1 (7.1) | 4 (6.6) | 3 (6.4) | 1 (7.1) | ||
| Hypointense | 7 (11) | 4 (8.5) | 3 (21) | 10 (16) | 8 (17) | 2 (14) | ||
| No correlate | 50 (82) | 40 (85) | 10 (71) | 47 (77) | 36 (77) | 11 (79) | ||
| BI-RADS | 0.7 | > 0.9 | ||||||
| 3 | 13 (9.4) | 10 (9) | 3 (11) | 2 (1.4) | 2 (1.8) | 0 (0) | ||
| 4 | 126 (91) | 101 (91) | 25 (89) | 137 (99) | 109 (98) | 28 (100) | ||
| Enhancement type | 0.6 | 0.6 | ||||||
| Mass like | 70 (50) | 58 (52) | 12 (43) | 66 (47) | 55 (50) | 11 (39) | ||
| Non-mass like | 67 (48) | 51 (46) | 16 (57) | 71 (51) | 54 (49) | 17 (61) | ||
| Mixed | 2 (1.4) | 2 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.4) | 2 (1.8) | 0 (0) | ||
| Shape (mass) | 0.3 | 0.2 | ||||||
| Oval | 19 (26) | 18 (30) | 1 (8.3) | 13 (18) | 13 (21) | 0 (0) | ||
| Round | 16 (22) | 12 (20) | 4 (33) | 19 (26) | 15 (24) | 4 (33) | ||
| Irregular | 38 (52) | 31 (51) | 7 (58) | 42 (57) | 34 (55) | 8 (67) | ||
| Margins (mass) | 0.8 | 0.5 | ||||||
| Circumscribed | 30 (41) | 25 (41) | 5 (42) | 36 (49) | 32 (52) | 4 (3) | ||
| Irregular | 34 (47) | 29 (48) | 5 (42) | 32 (43) | 25 (40) | 7 (58) | ||
| Spiculated | 9 (12) | 7 (11) | 2 (17) | 6 (8.1) | 5 (8.1) | 1 (8.3) | ||
| Enhancement (mass) | 0.3 | 0.4 | ||||||
| Homogeneous | 28 (38) | 25 (40) | 3 (25) | 37 (49) | 33 (52) | 4 (33) | ||
| Heterogeneous | 35 (47) | 29 (47) | 6 (50) | 38 (51) | 30 (48) | 8 (67) | ||
| Rim enhancement | 8 (11) | 5 (8.1) | 3 (35) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Dark internal septations | 3 (4.1) | 3 (4.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Distribution (non-mass) | 0.2 | 0.3 | ||||||
| Focal | 23 (33) | 20 (37) | 3 (19) | 26 (35) | 22 (39) | 4 (24) | ||
| Linear | 27 (39) | 22 (41) | 5 (31) | 26 (35) | 21 (37) | 5 (29) | ||
| Segmental | 18 (26) | 11 (20) | 7 (44) | 19 (26) | 12 (21) | 7 (41) | ||
| Regional | 4 (2.9) | 1 (1.9) | 1 (6.2) | 3 (4.1) | 2 (3.5) | 1 (5.9) | ||
| Multiple regions | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Diffuse | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Enhancement (non-mass) | 0.2 | 0.5 | ||||||
| Homogeneous | 15 (21) | 9 (17) | 6 (38) | 16 (22) | 12 (21) | 4 (24) | ||
| Heterogeneous | 35 (50) | 29 (54) | 6 (38) | 41 (55) | 30 (53) | 11 (65) | ||
| Clumped | 20 (29) | 16 (30) | 4 (25) | 17 (23) | 15 (26) | 2 (12) | ||
| Clustered rings | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
ADC apparent diffusion coefficient, BI-RADS breast imaging-reporting & data system, BPE background parenchymal enhancement, DWI diffusion-weighted imaging, FGT fibroglandular tissue