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. 2021 Jun 9;11:12127. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91393-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mechanisms involved in the production of late-onset anti-inflammatory response as a result of early metabolic changes associated with bariatric and metabolic surgery. Green lines indicate pathway activation whereas red lines indicate pathway inhibition. Upper arrows indicate increase and down arrows indicate decrease. GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; CCK: Cholecystokinin; PYY: Y-Y Peptide; OXY: Oxyntomodulin; TG: Triglycerides; LDL-c: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; VLDL-c: Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; FFA: Free fatty acids; TLR: Toll-like receptor; AGE’s: Advanced glycation end products; RAGE’s: Advanced glycation end product receptors; MCP-1: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1; Th1: Type 1 T-helper lymphocyte; Th17: Type 17 T-helper lymphocyte; DAMPS: Damage-associated molecular patterns; M1: M1 Macrophages; M2: M2 Macrophages; IFN-γ: Gamma interferon; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL: Interleukin; MHC-II: Mayor histocompatibility complex class II; NF-kB: Nuclear factor kappa-B; TCR: T-Cell receptor; CD: Cluster of differentiation; CLS: Crown-like structures. Figure made by Eder-Luna using Biorender drawing platform.