Fig. 8. The image sensors based on Si/2DM PDs.

a An image sensor array based on graphene-CMOS integration, covering ultraviolet, visible and infrared light. Left: the schematic of the graphene transfer process on wafer. Right: the schematic of the graphene/colloidal quantum dot PDs integrated with CMOS read-outs. b Concept of a focal stack light-field imaging system using graphene transparent PDs (inset). c An artificial neural network image-sensor based on a reconfigurable WSe₂ PD array. Left: the schematic of the PD array. Right: the schematic of the single-element WSe₂ PD. d A multispectral imaging system based on a black phosphorus PD. Figures reproduced with permissions from: a ref. ¹²⁴, ^©2017 Springer Nature Limited; b ref. ¹²⁶, ^©2020 Springer Nature Limited; c ref. ¹²⁵, ^©2020 Springer Nature Limited; d ref. ¹²⁷, ^©2014 American Chemical Society. Further permissions related to the figures should be directed to the copyright holders.