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. 2021 Jun 9;12(6):596. doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-03883-6

Table 1.

Application of apoptotic products in treating various disease models.

Term Origin Induction method Quantity Administration time Route Delivered molecule(s) Animal model Recipient species Ref.
Apoptotic MSCs Human ADMSCs Serum deprivation 1.2 × 106 cell-derived 30 min, 6 h, and 18 h after model establishment i.v. None Sepsis syndrome Rat 31
Apoptotic MSCs Human ADMSCs Serum deprivation 1.2 × 106 cell-derived 30 min, 6 h, and 18 h after model establishment i.v. None AKI Rat 32
Apoptotic MSCs Human DPSCs H2O2 4.0 × 106 cell-derived Immediate after model establishment i.v. None GvHD Mice 23
Apoptotic MSCs Human BMMSCs Anti-Fas and granzyme B 1.0–2.5 × 106 cell-derived 1 h after model establishment i.p. i.v. None GvHD Mice 29
MSC-derived EVs Mice Gingival and skin MSCs TNF-α 40 μg 1 d after model establishment Submucosal injection IL-1RA Gingival wound Mice 24
Apoptotic bodies Mice BMMSCs STS 50 μg 0 d, 3 d, and 7 d after model establishment Local administration None Skin wound Mice 26
Apoptotic bodies Mice BMMSCs STS 4.0 × 106 ApoBDs Once a week for 4 weeks i.v. miR-328-3p RNF146 Osteoporosis Mice 33
Apoptotic bodies Rat and mice BMMSCs STS 100 μg 2 weeks after model establishment Intramyocardial injection None MI Rat 30
Apoptotic EVs Mice thymocyte and Jurkat cells UV-irradiated 20.0 × 106 or 40.0 × 106 cell-derived 1 d before model establishment i.p. None Colitis Mice 22
Chimeric apoptotic bodies Mice T-cell membrane with mesoporous silica nanoparticles STS 100 μg 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, and 9 d after model establishment i.v. miR-21 and curcumin Colitis and cutaneous inflammation Mice 34

AKI acute kidney injury, ADMSCs adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, ApoBDs apoptotic bodies, BMMSCs bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, DPSCs dental pulp stem cells, EVs extracellular vesicles, GvHD graft-versus-host disease, IL-1RA interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, i.p. intraperitoneal injection, i.v. intravenous injection, MI myocardial infarction, miR microRNA, MSCs mesenchymal stem cells, STS staurosporine, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α.