Table 1.
Sociodemographic and health indicators of the selected participants from each cohort.
| TSHA | AMI | InCHIANTI | 3C | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 471 | 290 | 281 | 480 |
| Age, years (mean, (SD)) | 75.28 (5.77) | 75.47 (6.44) | 75.53 (6.91) | 82.13 (4.27) |
| Gender, (n, % female) | 280 (59.4) | 110 (37.9) | 163 (58.0) | 300 (62.5) |
| Education (n, % ) | ||||
| Low | 442 (94.4) | 229 (79.0) | 267 (96.0) | 123 (25.6) |
| Intermediate | 13 (2.8) | 55 (19.0) | 11 (4.0) | 242 (50.4) |
| High | 13 (2.8) | 6 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 115 (24.0) |
| MMSE, (mean, (SD)) | 23.11 (5.15) | 25.59 (3.51) | 24.93 (3.38) | 27.86 (2.11) |
| MMSE corrected, (n, (%)) | 45 (11.4) | 9 (3.3) | 10 (3.6) | 12 (2.6) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (mean, (SD)) | 29.13 (5.24) | 27.79 (4.46) | 27.91 (4.42) | 25.77 (4.13) |
| Smoking | ||||
| Past smoker (n, (%)) | 150 (31.8) | 100 (34.6) | 106 (37.7) | 174 (36.2) |
| Current smoker (n, (%)) | 38 (8.1) | 15 (5.2) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (4.6) |
| Frailty items | ||||
| Sedentarity (n, (%)) | 139 (29.5) | 70 (24.1) | 81 (28.8) | 278 (57.9) |
| Weakness (n, (%)) | 134 (28.5) | 67 (23.1) | 90 (32.0) | 117 (24.4) |
| Shrinking (n, (%)) | 77 (16.3) | 28 (9.7) | 26 (9.3) | 72 (15.0) |
| Slowness (n, (%)) | 160 (34.0) | 67 (23.1) | 104 (37.0) | 149 (31.0) |
| Fatigue (n, (%)) | 90 (19.1) | 42 (14.5) | 78 (27.8) | 74 (15.4) |
| Frailty status | ||||
| Robust | 178 (37.8) | 157 (54.1) | 106 (37.7) | 111 (23.1) |
| Pre-frail | 184 (39.1) | 79 (27.2) | 98 (34.9) | 269 (56.0) |
| Frail | 109 (23.1) | 54 (18.6) | 77 (27.4) | 100 (20.8) |