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. 2021 May 3;98(3):415–427. doi: 10.1007/s11524-021-00537-y

1. Agenda-setting and prioritisation: Establish what level of priority human and planetary health is given in the strategic and day to day decision-making of urban development decision-makers, at local and national level, and how priority might be elevated.

2. Balanced, comprehensive valuation: Establish how to validate non-market economic valuation within urban development, and how to ensure a level playing field (see Box 3).

3. Short-termism and corporate governance: Bring to bear the considerable work being undertaken recently investigating financial short-termism and corporate governance with this exploration of healthy urban development.

4. Balanced partnership: Establish what constitutes the optimal balance in partnership—between public, private and community—including determining the right balance (of power and resource) between parties.

5. Land control: Establish how planetary health might be integrated into public sector land disposal mechanisms.

6. Land value: Integrate work in human and planetary health into current conversations about land value capture (including consideration of broader issues of equity and taxation).

7. Identifying ‘good’ partners: Evaluate and develop innovations in developer models, and what being a good partner means (factoring in: agenda setting and prioritization, trust, track record, shared vision, time horizons).

The public realm challenge: Evaluate and develop innovative solutions to the issue of public realm ownership and maintenance (including consideration of private estate management and stewardship, versus public access and use; exemplars outside high value city centre locations).

The role of government: Investigate the role of national government policy, legislation and regulation in areas outside of planning policy (e.g. short-termism in finance, land control and disposal), and their potential impact on healthy urban development.

Finding compromise: Investigate how to resolve (or broker compromise between) irreconcilable tensions identified (Box 3)