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. 2021 Jun 9;12:3478. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23694-9

Fig. 3. Dopamine receptor expression and pharmacological modulation impact whole-brain dynamics.

Fig. 3

a Genetic scores predicting DRD1 expression in prefrontal regions positively predict stability of both brain states (0-back: b = 0.184, p = 0.034; 2-back: b = 0.242 p = 0.007; age, sex, mean brain state activity, and first 5 genetic PCA components as covariates of non-interest). b Genetic scores predicting DRD2 expression in prefrontal regions negatively predict control energy for both brain state transitions (0-back to 2-back: b = −0.076, p = 0.037; and trend wise for 2-back to 0-back: b = −0.134, p = 0.068; age, sex, mean brain activity difference, and first 5 genetic PCA components, stability of 0-back and 2-back as covariates of non-interest). c Amisulpride (AMI) increases control energy for transitions in comparison to placebo (PLA) (main effect of drug: F(1,10) = 7.27, p = 0.022; interaction drug by condition: F(1,10) = 0.42, p = 0.665, activity difference, drug order, and sex as covariates of non-interest). Black lines indicate mean values and boxes indicate one standard deviation of the mean. d Individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) need more control energy when transitioning into the working memory condition than matched healthy controls (HC) (F(1,98) = 5.238, p =  0.024, age, sex, tSNR and mean activity as covariates of non-interest), but not vice versa. Black lines indicate mean, dark boxes indicate 1 standard deviation, light boxes indicate 1.96 SEM. Source data are provided with this paper.