Table 2.
Summary of the results of the meta-analysis.
| 3 months | 6 months | 9 months | 12 months | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean [95% CI] (n° of studies) | P | I2 | Certainty of evidence (GRADE) | Mean [95% CI] (n° of studies) | P | I2 | Certainty of evidence (GRADE) | Mean [95% CI] (n° of studies) | P | I2 | Certainty of evidence (GRADE) | Mean [95% CI] (n° of studies) | P | I2 | Certainty of evidence (GRADE) | |
| Omega 3 | ||||||||||||||||
| PD red | 0.21 [− 0.12, 0.55] (3 studies) | 0.21 | 90% | Very Low | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CAL gain | 0.46 [− 0.19, 1.11] (3 studies) | 0.17 | 97% | Very Low | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| GI red | 0.08 [− 0.09, 0.25] (3 studies) | 0.37 | 84% | Very Low | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Subantimicrob. Tetracycline | ||||||||||||||||
| PD red | 0.20 [0.00, 0.40] (5 studies) | 0.05 | 99% | Very Low | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CAL gain | 0.30 [0.19, 0.41] (4 studies) | < 1E−5 | 97% | Low | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Vitamins | ||||||||||||||||
| PD red | 0.02 [− 0.02, 0.07] | 0.33 | 0% | Low | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CAL gain | − 0.01 [− 0.07, 0.05] | 0.65 | 0% | Low | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Melatonin | ||||||||||||||||
| PD red | – | – | – | – | 0.85 [0.46, 1.24] (3 studies) | < 1E−4 | 88% | Very low | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Probiotics | ||||||||||||||||
| All species | ||||||||||||||||
| PD red [all sites] | 0.30 [0.11, 0.48] (11 studies) | 0.002 | 93% | Low | 0.20 [− 0.27, 0.68] (7 studies) | 0.40 | 96% | Low | – | – | – | – | 0.84 [0.22, 1.46] (3 studies) | 0.008 | 95% | Low |
| PD red [4–6 mm] | 0.15 [0.02, 0.28] (3 studies) | 0.02 | 29% | Moderate | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| PD red [> = 7 mm] | 0.49 [0.03, 0.96] (4 studies) | 0.04 | 66% | Low | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CAL gain [all sites] | 0.21 [0.11, 0.31] (11 studies) | 0.0001 | 80% | Low | 0.21 [− 0.15, 0.56] (7 studies) | 0.25 | 98% | Low | – | – | – | – | 0.70 [0.36, 1.04] (3 studies) | 0.0001 | 85% | Low |
| CAL gain [4–6 mm] | 0.27 [0.05, 0.49] (3 studies) | 0.02 | 64% | Low | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CAL gain [> = 7 mm] | 0.66 [− 0.08, 1.39] (4 studies) | 0.08 | 80% | Very low | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| BOP% red | 6.85 [3.36, 10.34] (11 studies) | 0.0001 | 67% | Low | 3.50 [− 1.46, 8.47] (7 studies) | 0.17 | 60% | Very low | – | – | – | – | 7.41 [2.34, 12.49] (3 studies) | 0.004 | 0% | Low |
| PI% red | 5.00 [0.80, 9.21] (6 studies) | 0.02 | 68% | Low | 1.84 [− 3.97, 7.64] (4 studies) | 0.54 | 59% | Very low | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| L. reuteri | ||||||||||||||||
| PD red | 0.33 [0.08, 0.58] (6 studies) | 0.010 | 93% | Moderate | 0.41 [− 0.37, 1.19] | 0.31 | 97% | Low | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CAL gain | 0.26 [0.14, 0.38] (6 studies) | < 1E−4 | 85% | Moderate | 0.43 [− 0.07, 0.92] (4 studies) | 0.09 | 99% | Low | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| BOP% red | 5.41 [0.31, 10.56] (6 studies) | 0.04 | 69% | Low | 2.24 [− 4.18, 8.65] (4 studies) | 0.49 | 68% | Low | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Bold means significanlty different (from the statistical point of view).