Table 2.
PHW Knowledge, Emotion and Behavior among Smokers in Indonesia 2019
| Proportion | 95% CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (%) | Lower | Upper | |
| (a) Cognitive reaction | |||
| I believe that smoking can cause cancer and other serious diseases | 76% | 72% | 80% |
| I understand PHW aims to remind the dangers of smoking | 84% | 80% | 88% |
| I understand PHW aims to encourage smoking cessation | 70% | 66% | 75% |
| I understand PHW also aims for non-smokers to avoid smoking | 74% | 70% | 79% |
| I understand PHW warning gives more understanding than words only | 63% | 58% | 68% |
| I am aware of others' rights to be free from smoke, esp. children | 88% | 85% | 91% |
| (b) Affective emotional reaction | |||
| After looking at PHW in Indonesia (40%), I feel scared | 32% | 28% | 37% |
| After looking at PHW in Indonesia, I feel disgusted | 39% | 34% | 44% |
| After looking at PHW in Indonesia, I feel worried about harmful effects | 37% | 32% | 42% |
| PHW is scary but not enough to stop me from smoking | 65% | 60% | 70% |
| PHW message is excessive and only to frighten smokers | 46% | 41% | 51% |
| PHW from other countries (85%) is more disgusting/scary | 48% | 43% | 53% |
| (c) Current smoking behavior | |||
| I have tried to quit smoking several times but failed | 40% | 35% | 45% |
| I have refused smoking offers several times | 33% | 28% | 38% |
| I will try to quit smoking even though current PHW is not large | 48% | 43% | 53% |
| (d) Future smoking behavior & PHW support | |||
| After looking at PHW (85%), I might reduce spending on smoking | 42% | 37% | 47% |
| PHW should be 85% to make smokers afraid and stop smoking | 40% | 36% | 45% |
| I support if government increase PHW size to 80% | 44% | 39% | 49% |
| N | 401 | ||
PHW, Pictorial Health Warning; CI, Confidence Interval; N, sample; %, proportion. The values show proportions of respondents agreeing to the statements on knowledge, emotion, and behavior. We used a Likert scale of strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree.