Table 2.
Patient characteristics at NIPPV initiation stratified by failure or successful use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.
| Entire cohortn=153 | NIPPV failuren=97 | NIPPV successn=56 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reasons for respiratory failure: | ||||
| Respiratory infection/Pneumonia | 60 (39.2) | 44 (45.4) | 16 (28.6) | 0.05 |
| Septic Shock | 32 (20.9) | 20 (20.6) | 12 (21.4) | 0.92 |
| Fluid overload/pulmonary edema/pleural effusions | 28 (18.3) | 15 (15.5) | 13 (23.2) | 0.23 |
| Hypoxia of unknown origin | 15 (9.8) | 8 (8.2) | 7 (12.5) | 0.39 |
| Upper airway obstruction | 11 (7.2) | 8 (8.2) | 3 (5.4) | 0.54 |
| Pulmonary hemorrhage/Hemoptysis | 10 (6.5) | 7 (7.2) | 3 (5.4) | 0.75 |
| Altered Mental status | 9 (5.8) | 5 (5.2) | 4 (7.1) | 0.73 |
| IPS/engraftment syndrome/pulmonary GVHD | 9 (5.8) | 5 (5.2) | 4 (7.1) | 0.73 |
| Other | 3 (2.0) | 3 (3.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.30 |
| Place NIPPV started | 0.99 | |||
| PICU | 119 (77.8) | 76 (78.4) | 43 (76.8) | |
| HCT ward | 32 (20.9) | 20 (20.6) | 12 (21.4) | |
| Emergency Room | 2 (1.3) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.8) | |
| Days on supplemental oxygen prior to the initiation of NIPPV | 2.0 (1.0, 6.0) | 3.0 (1.0, 6.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 4.5) | 0.038 |
| Use of high flow nasal cannula prior to initiation of NIPPV | 62 (40.5) | 43 (44.3) | 19 (33.9) | 0.181 |
| Starting type of NIPPV (n=150)a | 0.579 | |||
| BIPAP | 111 (74.0) | 71 (75.5) | 40 (71.4) | |
| CPAP | 39 (26.0) | 23 (24.5) | 16 (26.8) | |
| Starting settings of NIPPV | ||||
| Inspiratory pressure (cm H20) | 10 (6, 10) | 10 (6, 12) | 12 (7, 14) | 0.118 |
| Expiratory pressure (cm H20) | 6 (6, 8) | 6 (6, 8) | 6 (6, 8) | 0.848 |
| Vasoactive useb | 53 (34.6) | 43 (44.3) | 10 (17.9) | 0.0001 |
| CRRT prior to intubation | 21 (13.8) | 17 (17.5) | 4 (7.3) | 0.078 |
Values are medians (IQRs) for continuous variables and frequencies (percentages) for categorical variables, with p-values from Wilcoxon Rank Sum and Chi-Square (Fisher’s Exact when cell counts were small) tests, respectively. Subjects often had more than one cause leading to respiratory failure, therefore total does not =100%.
a3 patient were missing detailed data on settings of NIPPV at initiation.
bVasoactive use was defined as the use of any continuous infusion of vasoactive agents up to and including the day of intubation.
NIPPV, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation; IPS, idiopathic pneumonia syndrome; GVHD, graft vs host disease; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; HCT, hematopoietic cell transplant; BIPAP, Bilevel positive airway pressure; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy.