Table 3.
Characteristics of included human studies reporting an association between pyrethroid exposure and reproductive parameters.
| Author | Year | Country | Mean age | Population | Exposure | Outcome | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| John D. Meeker | 2008 | America | 35.7 | 207 Americans | Pyrethroids | Morphology concentration motility | Reduced semen quality and increased sperm DNA damage concerning urinary metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides |
| Michał Radwan | 2014 | Poland | 32.2 | 334 men | Pyrethroids | Morphology concentration motility | Environmental pyrethroids exposure may affect semen quality and the level of reproductive hormones |
| Ramison Santos | 2019 | Brazil | 45.6 | 75 men | Pyrethroids | FSH testosterone | Increase in male testosterone appeared to be the most significant effect of long-term pesticide exposure |
| Q Bian | 2004 | China | 30.13 for exposure, 30.61 for control | 21 exposure, 19 control | Fenvalerate | Concentration, motility, computer-assisted sperm analysis |
Results indicated that occupational exposure to FE induced a significant increase in sperm DNA damage. FE exposure and percentage DNA in the tail, and positive sperm damage |
| J. Yoshinaga | 2013 | Japan | 20.2 | 322 male university students in suburban Tokyo | Pyrethroids | FSH, testosterone, LH | There were no associations between urinary 3-PBA and serum hormone levels |
| A. Zalata | 2013 | Egypt | 20 healthy normozoospermic men | Cypermethrin | Sperm velocity, sperm motility, sperm linear-velocity, sperm linearity-index, acrosin activity index, computer-assisted sperm analysis |
Vitamins C and E are useful in improving the toxic effects of cypermethrin on spermatozoon | |
| Yankai Xia | 2004 | China | 26.92 for exposure, 28.62 for control | 42 men | Fenvalerate | Semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm number per ejaculum, sperm motility, sperm abnormality, computer-assisted sperm analysis |
Fenvalerate is one of the important genotoxic agents with potential genotoxicity to human sperm |
| Tan Lifeng | 2006 | China | 32 male workers and 46 male administrators in the office | Fenvalerate | Sperm volume, sperm motility, sperm count, sperm concentration, sperm morphology, sperm movement ability | Fenvalerate hurt male workers’ semen quality in the study | |
| Melissa J. Perry | 2007 | America | 18 randomly selected urine samples | Pyrethroid | Sperm concentration | High prevalence of exposure to PYR pesticides and our preliminary analyses provided some suggestion that the higher exposure group had a lower sperm concentration | |
| Yankai Xia | 2008 | China | 376 men with nonobstructive infertility | Pyrethroid | Sperm volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm count | These observed associations between 3-PBA levels and some altered semen quality indicated the reproductive effects of pyrethroid exposure on adult men | |
| John D | 2009 | America | 161 men | Pyrethroid | FSH, LH, testosterone | Found evidence for increased gonadotropin levels, and decreased androgen and inhibin B levels | |
| Guixiang Ji | 2011 | China | 28.5 | 240 men | Pyrethroid | Seminal volume, sperm count, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm DNA fragmentation | Found evidence for both increased sperm DNA fragmentation and decreased sperm concentration, concerning the urinary concentration of 3-PBA among men from a clinical infertile population |
| Hiroki Toshima | 2012 | Japan | 36.8 | 42 men | Pyrethroid | Sperm count, sperm concentration, sperm motility | This pilot study suggested the pyrethroid exposure level as a significant contributor to poorer semen quality |
| Joanna Jurewicz | 2015 | Poland | 32.22 | 286 men | Pyrethroid | Sperm count, sperm concentration, sperm morphology | Results suggest that environmental pyrethroid exposure may affect sperm, DNA damage measures index indicated the reproductive effects of pyrethroid exposure on adult men |
| Michał Radwan | 2015 | Poland | 195 men | Pyrethroid | Sperm volume, sperm concentration, sperm morphology | The results reported here found that pyrethroids may be a sperm aneugen | |
| Joanna Jurewicz | 2016 | Poland | 32.2 | 194 men | Pyrethroid | Sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm morphology | Observed effects of a lower Y:X sperm chromosome ratio among men with concentrations of metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids in urine |
| Yi Hu | 2020 | China | 31.16 | 346 men | Pyrethroid | Semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm count, sperm morphology, sperm motility | Environmental PYRs exposure might adversely affect semen quality in reproductive-age men |