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. 2021 May 27;11:629438. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.629438

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Copyright © 2021 Kim, Lee, Kim, Ji, Chung and Cho

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Oral vancomycin-induced alterations in the gut metabolome. (A) PCA plot derived from fecal metabolomics analysis and spaghetti plots derived from the normalized peak area of gut metabolic markers selected using volcano-plot analysis; (B) levels of uracil, (C) dihydrouracil, (D) L-aspartic acid, (E) lithocholic acid, and (F) deoxycholic acid. Statistical analysis of gut metabolic markers was performed using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test or the paired t-test based on the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001; ****p ≤ 0.0001.