Table 4.

Summary of findings of the relationship between sports participation and health in the review of reviews.

Health related to sports participation	Author(s)/year(s)/reference number	Findings	Level of evidence for causal relationship
Obesity status	Lee et al., 2018	Inconclusive	Low-to-moderate
Body weight loss	Kim et al., 2017	Moderate positive effect accentuated by team sport vs. individual & diet control	Moderate-to-high
Bone health	Tan et al., 2014	Consistent positive dose–response relationship	Low-to-moderate
Psychological and social health	Eime et al., 2013b, Harlow et al., 2018, Evans et al., 2017	Mainly positive, somewhat negative; inconclusive and variations across context, age, gender, and level of involvement	Low-to-moderate
Anxiety and depression	Panza et al., 2020	Small positive dose–response relationship	Moderate
Physical activity	Batista et al., 2019, Lee et al., 2018	Moderate to strong positive dose–response relationship	Moderate