Fig. 1.

General features of the plasmids in Lactobacillaceae species from various habitats, indicating the abundance of plasmids across habitats (a), number of plasmids per strain (b), average number of plasmids per strain for each species (c), average size of the plasmids per strain (d), GC content per strain (e) and average GC content per strain for each species (f). Statistical analyses were performed to compare the data across various habitats using a Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc test. The GC contents of plasmids and chromosome of the same strain (e) and of the same species (f) were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test (***P <0.001; **P <0.01; *P <0.05).