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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 10.
Published in final edited form as: J Leukoc Biol. 2020 May 9;108(3):983–998. doi: 10.1002/JLB.1A0420-012RR

Figure 9. Trophoblast derived soluble PD-L1 promotes M2 like macrophage polarization.

Figure 9.

Freshly isolated CD14+ monocytes undergo differentiation in the presence of GM-CSF (M1 like) or trophoblast CM in the presence or absence of anti-PD-1 mAb or control isotype for 7 days, after which cells were evaluated by flow cytometry.

A. Flow cytometry of freshly isolated CD14+ monocytes differentiated in the presence of trophoblast CM and isotype control. TEMs are CD14+/CD206+/CD86−.

B. Flow cytometry of freshly isolated CD14+ monocytes differentiated in the presence of trophoblast CM and PD-1 blocking monoclonal antibody. The presence of the PD-1 blocking mAb prevented trophoblast induced M2-like polarization, leading to macrophages polarization characterized as increased CD86+ and decreased D206+ cells, similar to the polarization seen with GM-CSF treatment (M1 like).

C. Flow cytometry of freshly isolated CD14+ monocytes differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF. GM-CSF induced the polarization of CD14+ with a relatively high fraction of CD86+ and a low fraction of CD206+ macrophages. Representative figure of 3 independent experiments in triplicates.