Table 3. Match Effect on General Impairment, Psychological Distress, and Domain-Specific Impairment Among 218 Mental Health Care Patients^a.

Fixed effects	TOP general impairment			SCL-10			TOP domain-specific impairmentb
	Coefficient (SE; 95% CI)	P value	ESc	Coefficient (SE; 95% CI)	P value	ESc	Coefficient (SE; 95% CI)	P value	ESc
Outcome at baseline (intercept), γ000	0.83 (0.07; 0.69 to 0.97)	<.001	NA	15.33 (0.69; 13.98 to 16.68)	<.001	NA	0.33 (0.02; 0.29 to 0.37)	<.001	NA
Matched vs CAU, γ010	0.11 (0.14; −0.16 to 0.38)	.44	0.13	0.28 (1.03; −1.74 to 2.30)	.79	0.04	0.02 (0.02; −0.02 to 0.06)	.37	0.13
Weekly outcome change (slope), γ100	−0.03 (0.005; −0.04 to −0.02)	<.001	NA	−0.32 (0.05; −0.42 to −0.22)	<.001	NA	−0.01 (0.002; −0.01 to −0.006)	<.001	NA
Matched vs CAU, γ110	−0.03 (0.01; −0.05 to −0.01)	.02	0.75	−0.16 (0.07; −0.30 to −0.02)	.03	0.50	−0.01 (0.002; −0.01 to −0.006)	.01	0.60

Abbreviations: CAU, case assignment as usual; ES, effect size; NA, not applicable; SCL-10, Symptom Checklist-10; TOP, Treatment Outcome Package.

^aThis table presents the results of 3 separate multilevel models (1 for each outcome variable) in the 3 main columns. The primary fixed effects represent the effect of condition (CAU = 0; matched = 1) on the intercept (baseline outcome level) and slope (weekly outcome change). See eTable 3 in Supplement 2 for the random effects and model fit information.

^bThe domain-specific outcome variable was log-transformed to correct a positive skew. This model included dummy-coded covariates that indicated when participants reported substance misuse, suicidal ideation, or violence as their most elevated domain, because participants who endorsed 1 of these domains also tended to have more extreme values compared with those who endorsed the other domains.

^cEffect sizes represent multilevel approximations of Cohen d; that is, match effects represent the number of patient-level standard deviations by which the groups differed at baseline (intercept) and in their weekly rates of change (slope).