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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2021 Apr 18;197:111152. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111152

Table 3.

Rate per 1000a (and frequency) of obstetric and neonatal outcomes for singleton pregnancies from the Consortium of Safe Labor 2002-2008 (n=204951)

Women without
autoimmune disease
(n=204,384)
Type I
Diabetes
(n=507)
p-valueb
Cesarean Delivery 278.5 (56,926) 670.6 (340) <.05
Prelabor cesarean 113.6 (23,218) 270.2 (137) <.05
After spontaneous labor 93.0 (19,016) 195.3 (99) <.05
After induced labor 71.9 (14,692) 205.1 (104) <.05
Preterm Birth 111.0 (22,701) 426.0 (216) <.05
Spontaneous 78.4 (16,038) 248.5 (126) <.05
Indicated 17.8 (3,650) 145.9 (74) <.05
Preeclampsia 46.4 (9,498) 159.7 (81) <.05
NICU Admission 115.4 (23,593) 408.2 (207) <.05
Neonatal Respiratory 31.1 (6,357) 130.1 (66) <.05
Distress Syndrome
Small for Gestational Age 109.3 (22,350) 65.0 (33) <.05
Perinatal Mortality 5.9 (1,214) 13.8 (7) <.05
A

Rates per 1000 are specific for each autoimmune disease category (rate = (outcome n/autoimmune disease N)*1000)

B

p-values obtained using generalized estimating equations to account for women who had more than one pregnancy in the study.