Table 2.
Proportion of tuberculosis (TB) and cancer risk in patients stratified by tumor site
| Cancer type (N.) | Total | Male | Female | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N. of TB | % | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) |
N. of TB | % | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) |
N. of TB | % | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) |
|
| Benign tumor (n = 12,916) | 175 | 1.35 | Reference | 26 | 3.27 | Reference | 149 | 1.23 | Reference |
| Malignant cancers (n = 32,539) | 1776 | 5.46 | 1.68 (1.43–1.97) | 861 | 6.93 | 1.12 (0.79–1.60) | 915 | 4.55 | 1.83 (1.53–2.19) |
| Lung cancer (n = 3968) | 223 | 5.62 | 1.44 (1.06–1.95) | 165 | 6.48 | 1.27 (0.83–1.94) | 58 | 4.08 | 1.57 (1.04–2.37) |
| Adenocarcinoma (n = 2046) | 91 | 4.45 | 2.05 (1.43–2.95) | 59 | 5.58 | 1.72 (1.06–2.81) | 32 | 3.34 | 2.09 (1.28–3.41) |
| Squamous cell carcinoma (n = 763) | 57 | 7.47 | 1.35 (0.82–2.22) | 50 | 7.37 | 1.53 (0.90–2.62) | 7 | 8.24 | NA |
| Small cell (n = 497) | 25 | 5.03 | NA | 22 | 5.66 | NA | 3 | 2.78 | NA |
| Other (n = 662) | 50 | 7.55 | 1.38 (0.87–2.18) | 34 | 8.04 | 1.44 (0.81–2.57) | 16 | 6.69 | NA |
| Extrapulmonary tumor (n = 28,571) | 1553 | 5.44 | 1.72 (1.46–2.02) | 696 | 7.05 | 1.17 (0.82–1.68) | 857 | 4.59 | 1.88 (1.57–2.24) |
| CNS (n = 287) | 11 | 3.83 | NA | 6 | 3.33 | NA | 5 | 4.67 | NA |
| Thyroid (n = 4784) | 37 | 0.77 | 0.30 (.021–0.44) | 6 | 0.57 | NA | 31 | 0.83 | 0.42 (0.28–0.62) |
| Head and neck (n = 799) | 53 | 6.63 | 1.52 (1.01–2.30) | 35 | 6.52 | 1.09 (0.66–1.81) | 18 | 6.87 | NA |
| Digestive (n = 8722) | 641 | 7.35 | 1.33 (1.05–1.68) | 476 | 8.10 | 1.17 (0.80–1.70) | 165 | 5.80 | 1.41 (1.05–1.88) |
| Esophagus (n = 1611) | 241 | 14.96 | 2.23 (1.65–3.02) | 185 | 16.53 | 2.49 (1.64–3.79) | 56 | 11.38 | 1.91 (1.24–2.95) |
| Gastric-esophageal junction (n = 522) | 46 | 8.81 | 0.80 (0.48–1.33) | 38 | 8.70 | 0.69 (0.39–1.22) | 8 | 9.41 | NA |
| Stomach (n = 2055) | 141 | 6.86 | 1.12 (0.80–1.56) | 111 | 7.58 | 1.04 (0.68–1.60) | 30 | 5.08 | 1.20 (0.76–1.90) |
| Colon, rectum and anus (n = 2424) | 124 | 5.12 | 0.74 (0.53–1.03) | 83 | 5.79 | 0.69 (0.44–1.08) | 41 | 4.14 | 0.85 (0.55–1.29) |
| Liver (n = 1316) | 53 | 4.03 | 0.50 (0.32–0.79) | 41 | 4.05 | 0.53 (0.32–0.87) | 12 | 3.96 | NA |
| Biliary tract (n = 369) | 19 | 5.15 | NA | 8 | 5.44 | NA | 11 | 4.95 | NA |
| Pancreas (n = 425) | 17 | 4.00 | NA | 10 | 3.82 | NA | 7 | 4.29 | NA |
| Hematologic malignancies (n = 894) | 140 | 15.66 | 4.88 (3.66–6.51) | 88 | 18.14 | 4.07 (2.66–6.21) | 52 | 12.71 | 4.87 (3.39–7.01) |
| Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 675) | 113 | 16.74 | 4.57 (3.35–6.24) | 71 | 19.72 | 4.27 (2.74–6.66) | 42 | 13.33 | 4.21 (2.80–6.33) |
| Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 122) | 20 | 16.39 | NA | 12 | 18.46 | NA | 8 | 14.04 | NA |
| Multiple myeloma (n = 87) | 6 | 6.90 | NA | 4 | 7.41 | NA | 2 | 6.06 | NA |
| Leukemia (n = 10) | 1 | 10.00 | NA | 1 | 16.67 | NA | 0 | 0.00 | NA |
| Genitourinary (n = 5711) | 389 | 6.81 | 2.22 (1.82–2.70) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Cervix (n = 2839) | 261 | 9.19 | 3.49 (2.79–4.38) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Uterus (n = 780) | 22 | 2.82 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Ovary (n = 1045) | 56 | 5.36 | 1.88 (1.33–2.64) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Prostate (n = 277) | 16 | 5.78 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Bladder (n = 314) | 17 | 5.41 | NA | 14 | 6.06 | NA | 3 | 3.61 | NA |
| Kidney (n = 456) | 17 | 3.73 | NA | 13 | 4.59 | NA | 4 | 2.31 | NA |
| Skin cancer (n = 491) | 32 | 6.52 | 0.84 (0.51–1.37) | 15 | 6.05 | NA | 17 | 7.00 | NA |
| Melanoma (n = 174) | 12 | 6.90 | NA | 6 | 7.06 | NA | 6 | 6.74 | NA |
| Nonmelanoma (n = 317) | 20 | 6.31 | NA | 9 | 5.52 | NA | 11 | 7.14 | NA |
| Bone and soft tissue (n = 718) | 21 | 2.92 | NA | 9 | 2.59 | NA | 13 | 3.50 | NA |
| Breast (n = 5443) | 171 | 3.14 | 1.29 (1.02–1.62) | 0 | 0.00 | NA | 171 | 3.16 | 1.36 (1.08–1.73) |
| Unknown primary (n = 181) | 16 | 8.84 | NA | 8 | 8.16 | NA | 8 | 9.64 | NA |
| Other* (n = 541) | 42 | 7.76 | 1.93 (1.28–2.90) | 10 | 4.46 | NA | 32 | 10.09 | 2.41 (1.53–3.80) |
Notes: NA not applicable, N number
*, this category included cancers originating from the testis, vulva, penis, vagina, labia majora, labia minora, perineum, scrotum, hydatidiform mole, chorion, notochord, adrenal cortex, neuroendocrine system, mediastinum, sweat glands, mesothelium, thymus, umbilical tube and so on
OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; CNS, central nervous system;
*The OR was adjusted by sex and age (as a continuous variable)
a The OR was adjusted by age (as a continuous variable)