Table 4.
Key findings related to immune cells within various tumor lesions obtained using single-cell sequencing
| Tumor | Technology | Platform | Key findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| osteosarcoma | scRNA-seq | 10X Genomics | Identified proinflammatory FABP4 + macrophage infiltration in lung metastatic lesions and revealed that TIGIT blockade enhances the effects of the primary CD3 + T cells | [91] |
| LUAD, LUSC | Bulk and scRNA-seq | 10X Genomics | Revealed that the neoantigen burden is negatively associated with immune cell infiltration and affects evolutionary dynamics | [78] |
| RCC | scRNA-seq | 10X Genomics | T cell exhaustion is a key factor that represses immunity; PD-L1, LAG3, TIM-3 are potential targets | [56] |
| RCC | scRNA-seq, flow cytometry | 10X Genomics | The baseline and dynamic renal cell carcinoma tumor burden influence the T cell repertoire; baseline TCR β-China is associated with the prognosis | [154] |
| CAC | scRNA-seq, flow cytometry | 10X Genomics | Identified the transcriptomic signatures of CD4 + T cells between antitumor and anti-viral infection responses | [155] |
| cHL | scRNA-seq, imaging mass cytometry | CyTOF | Identified LAG3 + Tregs in MHC-II-negative classic HL | [134] |
| HCC | scRNA-seq | 10X Genomics, CyTOF | Identified the trajectory and functional analysis of CD4/CD8 double-positive T cells enriched in L regions with synergetic expression of PD-1/HLA-DR/ICOS/CD45RO and certain transcription factors | [142] |
| HCC | scRNA-seq | 10X Genomics | Identified the abnormal immune cells contents dynamics in relapse tumors | [137] |
| HCC | scRNA-seq, flow cytometry | 10X Genomics | Identified the M2 macrophages that expressed CCL18 and CREM at high levels, as well as XCL1 + activated T cell subsets as a ‘pre-exhaustion’ status | [136] |
| HCC | scRNA-seq | 10X Genomics, SMART-Seq 2 | Identified the enrichment of MIAT in FOXP3 + CD4 + T cells and PDCD1 + /GZMK + CD8 + T cells, which modulates the expression of distinct genes (JAK2, SLC6A6, KCND1, MEIS3 or RIN1) to contribute to immune escape | [228] |
| CTCL | scRNA-seq | 10X Genomics | Identified the heterogeneity of malignant T cells | [229] |
| CTCL | scRNA-seq, flow cytometry | 10X Genomics | Identified the FOXP3 + T cells transiting to GATA3 + or IKZF2 + tumor cells during clonal evolution, which could be used to classify the tumor stage and predict early-stage progression | [230] |
| Osteosarcoma | scRNA-seq | 10X Genomics | Revealed that TIGIT blockade enhances the cytotoxic effects of the primary CD3 + T cells on advanced osteosarcoma | [91] |
| Lung cancer | scRNA-seq, flow cytometry | 10X Genomics | Compared the cancer cells and CD3 + T cells between GGN-ADC and SADC | [215] |
| Breast caner | scRNA-seq | 10X Genomics | Identified the characteristics of myeloid-derived suppressor cells | [231] |
| PDAC | scRNA-seq | 10X Genomics | Identified a subset of ductal cells with proliferative features associated with inactivating T cells | [49] |
| GBM | Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing | 10X Genomics | Revealed the molecular determinants, including TLE2 and IKZF2, required to improve the CAR antitumor efficacy; identified the genes sensitive to CART therapy | [232] |
| MM | scRNA-seq, flow cytometry | 10X Genomics | Identified the myeloma cells equipped with an immune invasion ability due to the upregulation of inhibitory molecules for cytotoxic T cells and NK cells | [233] |
| CRC | scRNA-seq | Illumina Bio-Rad | Revealed the increased infiltration of granulocytes and the underlying mechanisms, which are associated with ferroptosis-mediated cell death and Wnt signaling pathway activation in colorectal cancer liver metastases | [234] |
| NSCLC | scRNA-seq, flow cytometry | 10X Genomics | Identified 25 tumor-infiltrating myeloid cell states that are conserved in tumor lesions from patients | [10] |
| B cell malignancies | scRNA-seq, TCRB seq | 10X Genomics | Disclosed the transcriptional programs identifying the clones after CAR-T cell infusions that mainly originated from infused clusters with high expression of cytotoxicity- and proliferation-related genes | [235] |
RCC: renal cell carcinoma; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; CAC: colon adenocarcinoma; cHL: classic Hodgkin lymphoma; CTCL: cutaneous T cell lymphoma; NSCLC: non-small-cell lung cancer; PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; CyTOF: cytometry by time-of-flight; MIAT: myocardial infarction-associated transcript; GBM: glioblastoma; CAR: chimeric antigen receptor; MM: multiple myeloma