Table 3.
Associated factors for neonatal NNM using simple logistic regression
| Variables | Crude OR | (95% CI) | Wald Stata (df)b | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother’s age (year) | 0.93 | (0.87, 0.99) | 4.23 (1) | 0.040 |
| Age of marriage (year) | 0.94 | (0.86, 1.04) | 1.42 (1) | 0.232 |
| Duration of marriage (year) | 0.95 | (0.89, 1.02) | 1.75 (1) | 0.186 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Muslim | 2.53 | (1.31, 4.88) | 0.01 (1) | 0.006 |
| Terai/Madhesi | 1 | |||
| Dalits | 1.33 | (0.70, 2.53) | 0.78 (1) | 0.376 |
| Janajati | 1.02 | (0.53, 1.95) | 0.00 (1) | 0.951 |
| Brahmin/Chettri/Newar | 0.59 | (0.20, 1.75) | 0.88 (1) | 0.376 |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Urban municipality | 1 | |||
| Rural municipality | 0.84 | (0.52, 1.35) | 0.49 (1) | 0.482 |
| Wealth quintile | ||||
| Lowest | 2.05 | (0.84, 5.01) | 2.48 (1) | 0.115 |
| Fourth | 2.30 | (1.14, 4.62) | 5.49 (1) | 0.019 |
| Middle | 1 | |||
| Second | 1.14 | (0.62, 2.10) | 1.71 (1) | 0.679 |
| Highest | 0.80 | (0.40, 1.60) | 0.40 (1) | 0.527 |
| Mother’s education | ||||
| None | 1.79 | (0.95, 3.37) | 3.28 (1) | 0.070 |
| Primary | 1.42 | (0.81, 2.48) | 1.54 (1) | 0.215 |
| Secondary | 1 | |||
| Tertiary | 0.38 | (0.13, 1.08) | 3.32 (1) | 0.378 |
| Father’s education | ||||
| None | 1.83 | (0.96, 3.50) | 3.34 (1) | 0.067 |
| Primary | 1.92 | (1.07, 3.45) | 4.85 (1) | 0.028 |
| Secondary | 1 | |||
| Tertiary | 0.62 | (0.28, 1.36) | 1.41 (1) | 0.236 |
| Mother’s occupation | ||||
| Housewife | 1 | |||
| Others | 0.84 | (0.29, 2.38) | 0.11 (1) | 0.743 |
| Father’s occupation | ||||
| Unskilled manual | 1 | |||
| Sales and services | 0.65 | (0.37, 1.13) | 2.32 (1) | 0.127 |
| Others | 0.68 | (0.31, 1.47) | 0.95 (1) | 0.328 |
| Father’s smoking status | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.73 | (0.41, 1.28) | 1.19 (1) | 0.275 |
| Sex of newborn | ||||
| Boy | 1 | |||
| Girl | 0.89 | (0.56, 1.40) | 0.26 (1) | 0.609 |
| Mode of birth | ||||
| Vaginal birth | 1 | |||
| Cesarean section | 0.47 | (0.21, 1.03) | 3.55 (1) | 0.060 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | ||||
| Normal | 1 | |||
| Underweight | 1.09 | (0.60, 1.98) | 0.09 (1) | 0.761 |
| Overweight | 0.82 | (0.32, 2.12) | 0.16 (1) | 0.687 |
| Parity | ||||
| Nulliparous | 1 | |||
| Multiparous | 0.61 | (0.38, 0.98) | 4.14 | 0.042 |
| Number of ANC | ||||
| ≤ 3 visits | 1 | |||
| ≥ 4 visits | 0.73 | (0.45, 1.16) | 1.78 (1) | 0.181 |
| SMM | ||||
| Absent | 1 | |||
| Present | 3.67 | (1.74, 7.72) | 11.72 (1) | 0.001 |
| Obstetric haemorrhage | ||||
| Absent | 1 | |||
| Present | 1.47 | (0.33, 6.51) | 0.26 (1) | 0.612 |
| Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy | ||||
| Absent | 1 | |||
| Present | 6.23 | (2.27, 17.07) | 12.63 (1) | 0.000 |
| Severe management indicators | ||||
| Absent | 1 | |||
| Present | 1.47 | (0.33, 6.51) | 0.26 (1) | 0.612 |
Note: BMI body mass index, ANC antenatal care, SMM severe maternal morbidity
a Wald Statistics
b Degree of freedom