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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 16.
Published in final edited form as: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2020 Dec 16;102(24):2120–2128. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.20.00246

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

The mean HRR-level age and sex-standardized hip and knee replacement rates by combinations of race and income groups based on analysis of 2009 to 2017 MedPAR and MBSF. The lines represent adjusted estimates derived from multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models with HRR-level random effects and an exchangeable covariance structure (Appendix Exhibit S9). Post-estimation averages were used to plot the time trends. The superscript “a” denotes the differences in rates (surgical procedures per 1,000 beneficiaries) between Medicare-only and dual-eligible beneficiaries for each racial group in 2009 and 2017.