Table 3.
Associations between sociodemographic characteristics, health status and migration related factors at baseline and follow-up and use of emergency care, outpatient/specialist services and hospitalizations at follow-up
| General Practitioner at T2 | Emergency care at T2 | Outpatient/Specialist care at T2 | Hospitalization at T2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (CI 95 %) | ARR (CI 95 %) | RR (CI 95 %) | ARR (CI 95 %) | RR (CI 95 %) | ARR (CI 95 %) | RR (CI 95 %) | ARR (CI 95 %) | |
| Sociodemographic factors at T1 | ||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| FemaleA | 1.09 (0.99, 1.19) | 1.09 (0.99, 1.19) | 1.10 (0.70, 1.73) | 1.34 (0.83, 2.08) | 0.84 (0.52, 1.37) | 0.81 (0.50, 1.33) | 0.85 (0.53, 1.36) | 1.01 (0.62, 1.64) |
| Age (years)B | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)** | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06)** | 1.01 (0.98, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.03) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)* | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)* |
| Education (continuous)C | 0.99 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.93 (0.87, 1.00)* | 0.95 (0.90, 1.01) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.06) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.06) | 0.96 (0.90, 1.04) | 0.98 (0.92, 1.05) |
| Health literacy (continuous)D | 1.01 (0.98, 1.05) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.05) | 0.99 (0.84, 1.18) | 0.89 (0.73, 1.10) | 0.95 (0.79, 1.15) | 0.91 (0.74, 1.13) | 1.07 (0.90, 1.27) | 0.97 (0.80, 1.19) |
| Social support (categorical) | ||||||||
| Low social support (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| High social supportC | 1.02 (0.92, 1.12) | 1.00 (0.91, 1.11) | 1.18 (0.72, 1.93) | 1.46 (0.86, 2.47) | 1.24 (0.73, 2.13) | 1.35 (0.77, 2.35) | 1.22 (0.72, 2.05) | 1.56 (0.90, 2.70) |
| Health status and Quality of life at T1 | ||||||||
| Self-rated health (categorical) | ||||||||
| Moderate to good SRH (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Poor SRHE | 1.03 (0.92, 1.14) | 1.05 (0.95, 1.16) | 1.72 (1.06, 2.77)* | 1.72 (1.06, 2.78)* | 1.43 (0.83, 2.47) | 1.36 (0.77, 2.43) | 1.17 (0.65, 2.08) | 1.05 (0.60, 1.84) |
| Quality of life (continuous) | ||||||||
| Physical health (WHOQOL-BREF domain 1)E | 0.99 (0.99, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.06) | 0.99 (0.90, 1.08) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.05) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.06) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.07) | 0.99 (0.91, 1.09) |
| Psychological health (WHOQOL-BREF domain 2)E | 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) | 1.04 (0.95, 1.13) | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | 0.99 (0.91, 1.09) | 0.99 (0.90, 1.09) | 0.99 (0.90, 1.08) | 1.00 (0.91, 1.11) |
| Social relationships (WHOQOL-BREF domain 3)E | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) | 0.93 (0.88, 0.99)* | 1.04 (0.95, 1.13) | 1.06 (0.96, 1.16) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) | 0.95 (0.89, 1.01) |
| Environment (WHOQOL-BREF domain 4)E | 0.99 (0.97, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.06) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.13) | 1.05 (0.94, 1.17) | 0.89 (0.80, 0.99)* | 0.93 (0.84, 1.03) |
| Migration related factors | ||||||||
| Time since flight from Syria (continuous)C | 0.98 (0.97, 0.98)* | 0.97 (0.94, 1.01) | 0.97 (0.80, 1.17) | 0.94 (0.80, 1.11) | 0.99 (0.80, 1.23) | 0.98 (0.80, 1.22) | 1.01 (0.81, 1.26) | 0.97 (0.79, 1.20) |
| No residence permit in LebanonC | 1.12 (1.00, 1.25)* | 1.10 (0.99, 1.25) | 1.95 (1.06, 3.60)* | 2.72 (1.39, 5.31)** | 1.05 (0.62, 1.81) | 1.04 (0.61, 1.79) | 0.62 (0.38, 1.00) | 0.74 (0.45, 1.22) |
| Migrating alone to LebanonC | 0.66 (0.38, 1.13) | 0.67 (0.39, 1.16) | 1.25 (0.32, 4.83) | 0.64 (0.24, 1.72) | 1.16 (0.45, 3.01) | 3.15 (0.64, 15.4) | 1.31 (0.59, 2.92) | 1.04 (0.54, 2.07) |
| Trauma exposure before resettlement in NorwayC | 0.96 (0.88, 1.05) | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | 0.77 (0.48, 1.24) | 1.49 (0.95, 2.32) | 0.84 (0.51, 1.39) | 1.16 (0.69, 1.93) | 0.57 (0.34, 0.94)* | 1.63 (0.98, 2.71) |
| Sociodemographic factors at T2 | ||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| FemaleA | 1.06 (0.97, 1.16) | 1.06 (0.97, 1.16) | 1.13 (0.71, 1.80) | 1.28 (0.81, 2.00) | 0.86 (0.52, 1.42) | 0.88 (0.53, 1.46) | 0.86 (0.53, 1.41) | 0.96 (0.59, 1.57) |
| Age (years)B | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)** | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06)** | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)** | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)** |
| Education (continuous)F | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.04) | 0.96 (0.90, 1.02) | 1.05 (0.92, 1.19) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.10) | 1.11 (0.99, 1.25) | 1.03 (0.96, 1.10) | 1.19 (1.08, 1.31)** |
| Health literacy (continuous)G | 1.07 (1.03, 1.12)* | 1.06 (1.02, 1.1)* | 1.37 (1.08, 1.74)* | 1.28 (1.02, 1.61)* | 1.24 (0.96, 1.60) | 1.21 (0.93, 1.59) | 1.61 (1.25, 2.06)** | 1.59 (1.25, 2.01)** |
| Social support (categorical) | ||||||||
| Low social support (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| High social supportH | 1.02 (0.93, 1.12) | 1.04 (0.94, 1.14) | 1.69 (1.02, 2.80)* | 1.82 (1.11, 2.98)* | 1.82 (1.05, 3.18)* | 1.83 (1.04, 3.24)* | 1.75 (1.02, 3.00)* | 1.83 (1.06, 3.16)* |
| Health status and Quality of life at T2 | ||||||||
| Self-rated health (categorical) | ||||||||
| Moderate to good SRH (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Poor SRHI | 0.99 (0.87, 1.13) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.14) | 2.17 (1.35, 3.47)* | 1.92 (1.15, 3.20)* | 1.81 (1.05, 3.13) | 1.88 (1.03, 3.43)* | 2.93 (1.84, 4.66)** | 2.49 (1.49, 4.15)** |
| Quality of life (continuous) | ||||||||
| Physical health (WHOQOL-BREF domain 1)I | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.90 (0.85, 0.94)** | 0.91 (0.84, 0.97)** | 0.90 (0.85, 0.96)* | 0.89 (0.84, 0.95)** | 0.87 (0.83, 0.92)** | 0.88 (0.82, 0.94)** |
| Psychological health (WHOQOL-BREF domain 2)I | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04)* | 1.02 (0.99, 1.04) | 0.87 (0.81, 0.93)* | 0.89 (0.84, 0.98)* | 0.94 (0.85, 1.04) | 0.96 (0.84, 1.09) | 0.89 (0.82, 0.98)* | 0.89 (0.80, 0.99)* |
| Social relationships (WHOQOL-BREF domain 3)I | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.91 (0.86, 0.96)* | 0.93 (0.86, 1.00) | 0.92 (0.86, 0.99)* | 0.90 (0.86, 0.99)* | 0.88 (0.83, 0.93)** | 0.90 (0.84, 0.97)** |
| Environment (WHOQOL-BREF domain 4)I | 1.04 (1.02, 1.05)** | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06)** | 1.06 (0.96, 1.17) | 1.08 (0.96, 1.21) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.15) | 1.01 (0.89, 1.15) | 1.06 (0.96, 1.18) | 1.06 (0.91, 1.23) |
A: adjusted for age. B: adjusted for gender. C: adjusted for age and gender. D: adjusted for age, gender, social support at T1 and education at T1. E: adjusted for age, gender, social support at T1 and trauma exposure. F: adjusted for age, gender and education at T1. G: adjusted for age, gender, social support at T1, education at T1 and health literacy at T1. H: adjusted for age, gender, social support at T1 and trauma exposure. I: adjusted for age, gender, social support at T1, SRH and QoL at T1, time since flight from Syria, no residence permit at T1 and trauma exposure. Significant results with P < 0.05 are marked with an asterisk. Significant results with P < 0.01 are marked with two asterisks