TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of study patients
|
SR (n = 10) |
pAF (n = 10) |
cAF (n = 10) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Men, n (%) | 8 (80) | 6 (60) | 6 (60) |
| Age, years | 50±15 | 52±12 | 51±11 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24±3 | 24±5 | 24±5 |
| Medical history | |||
| Minor CAD, n (%) | 0 (0) | 5 (50)* | 0 (0) |
| AVD, n (%) | 2 (20) | 4 (40) | 0 (0) |
| MVD, n (%) | 9 (90) | 8 (80) | 8 (80) |
| CAD +AVD, n (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (30) | 0 (0) |
| ICM, n (%) | 4 (40) | 2 (20) | 3 (30) |
| DCM, n (%) | 6 (60) | 8 (80) | 4 (40) |
| PPCM, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) |
| Amyloidosis, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (20) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 4 (40) | 5 (50) | 3 (30) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 4 (40) | 5 (50) | 2 (20) |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 3 (30) | 4 (40) | 4 (40) |
| Echocardiography | |||
| LA size (mm) | 47±3 | 51±7 | 49±9 |
| LVEF (%) | 19±6 | 21±9 | 17±9 |
| Medication | |||
| Amiodarone, n (%) | 4 (40) | 3 (30) | 3 (30) |
| Ivabradine, n (%) | 3 (30) | 0 (0) | 2 (20) |
| Digitalis, n (%) | 3 (30) | 5 (50) | 7 (70) |
| ACE inhibitors, n (%) | 8 (80) | 6 (60) | 7 (70) |
| AT1 blockers, n (%) | 1 (10) | 2 (20) | 1 (10) |
| Βeta‐blockers, n (%) | 9 (90) | 10 (100) | 8 (80) |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 9 (90) | 10 (100) | 10 (100) |
| Nitrates, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Lipid‐lowering drugs, n (%) | 6 (60) | 4 (40) | 4 (40) |
| OAC, n (%) | 8 (80) | 7 (70) | 6 (60) |
Please note that patient characteristics have been published previously (Lugenbiel et al., 2021, 2017; Rahm et al., 2021). Statistical comparisons between pAF / cAF versus SR groups were performed using ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction for continuous variables and chi‐square tests for categorical variables.
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; AT, angiotensin receptor; AVD, aortic valve disease; CAD, coronary artery disease (minor concomitant CAD, not explaining severe LVEF reduction); cAF, chronic atrial fibrillation; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; ICM, ischemic cardiomyopathy (including severe CAD); LA, left atrial; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MVD, mitral valve disease; OAC, oral anticoagulation; pAF, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; PPCM, peripartum cardiomyopathy; SR, sinus rhythm.
p < 0.05 versus SR.