Appendix Table 1:
Description of Measures Examined as Potential Correlates of MVPA by Expected Socio-Ecological Framework Domain
| Variable (unit) | Source | Mean (SD) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Personal: inclination to activity | |||
| Physical Activity Enjoyment (Range: 3–12) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 5.26 (2.25) | 3-Item scale (Cronbach a = .82) |
| Physical Activity Barriers (Range: 4–20) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 9.73 (3.22) | 4-Item scale (Cronbach a = .49) |
| Physical Activity Self-Efficacy (Range: 3–12) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 7.86 (2.38) | 3-Item scale (Cronbach a = .76) |
| Physical Activity Self-Management (Range: 5–15) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 8.82 (3.14) | 3-Item scale (Cronbach a = .82) |
| BMI (z score) | Measured by Research Staff | 0.71 (1.07) | z score of BMI measured as kg/m2 |
| Past Year Substance Use (yes/no) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 3.85 (1.88) | Participant used alcohol, cigarettes, or marijuana in the past year (test-retest reliability: r = .83) |
| Depression (Range: 6–18) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 10.21 (3.01) | 6-Item scale (Cronbach a = .83) |
| Environmental: opportunities for team-based activity | |||
| Activity Fee (Range: 1–3) | PE Specialist Survey | 2.23 (0.52) | Students must pay an activity fee to participate in any sport, intramural, or physical activity clubs? (No/Waiver Available/Yes) |
| Availability of a Sport Bus (yes/no) | PE Specialist Survey | 61% Yes | School has an afterschool bus for sports, academic, club, or discipline reasons (yes/no) |
| Distance to the Nearest Gym (kilometers) | GIS | 1.26 (0.73) | Distance (km) to nearest gym |
| Distance to the nearest Rec Center (kilometers) | GIS | 0.52 (0.37) | Distance (km) to nearest rec center |
| Participation on Sports Teams (count) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 2.03 (1.06) | “During the past 12 months, on how many sports teams did you play?” (test-retest reliability: r = .86) |
| Environmental: opportunities for exercise | |||
| Density of Parks near Home (percent) | GIS | 9.5 (7.4) | Percent of 1600-m buffer around home that is Greenspace |
| Indoor Physical Education Facilities at School (count) | PE Specialist Survey | 4.55 (1.96) | Count of indoor activity facilities reported by PE Specialist |
| Outdoor Physical Education Facilities at School (count) | PE Specialist Survey | 3.74 (1.36) | Count of outdoor activity facilities reported by PE Specialist |
| Perceived Neighborhood daytime safety (unsafe_day_10) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 1.72 (0.9) | “The crime rate in my neighborhood makes it unsafe to go on walks during the day.” (test-retest reliability: r = .57) |
| Perceived Neighborhood nighttime safety (unsafe_night_10) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 2.29 (1.14) | “The crime rate in my neighborhood makes it unsafe to go on walks at night.” (test-retest reliability: r = .65) |
| Busy Streets in Neighborhood (count) | GIS | 1.96 (0.95) | Percentage of streets in 1600-m buffer around home that are busy |
| Distance to the nearest Trail (kilometers) | GIS | 0.64 (0.47) | Street network distance (km) to nearest bike or walking trail |
| Access Points (10 count) | GIS | 6.62 (1.67) | Count of streets crossing into 1600-m buffer around home (unit = 10 crossings) |
| Reported Neighborhood Crime (count) | GIS | 1.72 (0.97) | Count of total crimes per hectare (2.47 acres) near home in 2010 |
| Distance to School (kilometers) | GIS | 5.92 (4.58) | Street network distance (km) to school |
| Home Physical Activity Equipment (Range 0:5) | Parent Report (F-EAT) | 2.28 (1.37) | Parent-reported count of exercise equipment available at home. (test-retest reliability: percent concordance = 80%-89%) |
| Social: social norms | |||
| Perceived Mother’s PA (mom_pa_10) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 2.48 (0.99) | “My mother is physically active in her free time.” (test-retest reliability: r = .70) |
| Perceived Father’s PA (dad_pa_10) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 2.54 (1.08) | “My father is physically active in his free time.” (test-retest reliability: r = .69) |
| Parent Self-Reported PA (hours/week) | Parent Report (F-EAT) | 4.08 (3.7) | Parent-reported moderate and vigorous physical activity (Godin-Shephard, test-retest reliability: r = .56 to .75) |
| Parent Active with Child (hours/week) | Parent Report (F-EAT) | 1.22 (1.53) | Hours per week parent is active with their adolescent (test-retest reliability: r = .58) |
| Family does Active Things (Range: 1–4) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 2.59 (0.98) | “My family and I do active things together.” (test-retest reliability: r = .73) |
| Family Support for Physical Activity (Range: 1–4) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 3.14 (0.92) | “My family supports me in being physically active.” (test-retest reliability: r = .60) |
| Parent helps Child be Active (hours/week) | Parent Report (F-EAT) | 1.52 (1.86) | Hours per week parent helps their adolescent be physically active (test-retest reliability: r = .62) |
| Parent Talks to Child about being Active (Range: 1–5) | Parent Report (F-EAT) | 2.97 (1.2) | “Have you had a conversation with your child about being physically active?” (test-retest reliability: r = .64) |
| Friends Play Sports (Range: 1–4) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 3.18 (0.81) | “My friends often play sports or do some-thing active.” (test-retest reliability: r = .54) |
| Friends think it is Important to be Active (Range: 1–4) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 2.91 (0.83) | “My friends think it is important to be physically active.” (test-retest reliability: r = .43) |
| Friends are Active Together (Range: 1–4) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 3.1 (0.87) | “My friends and I like to do active things together.” (test-retest reliability: r = .49) |
| Friend Self-Reported Physical Activity (hours/week) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 6.19 (3.61) | Mean of Godin-Shephard self-reported MVPA among nominated friends. |
| School Physical Activity Promotion (Range: 1–5) | School Administrator Survey | 3.49 (0.77) | “To what extent has your school made a serious effort to promote increased physical activity among students?” |
| Average Physical Activity of Students in School (hours/week) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 5.78 (0.72) | Mean of Godin-Shephard self-reported MVPA among students within the school. |
| Environmental: degree of PE | |||
| 10-Year change in PE budget (yes/no) | PE Specialist Survey | 0.37 (0.48) | “Over the past 10 years, has there been a change in the budget for physical education equipment and supplies at this school?” |
| Time spent in PA in an average week (hours/week) | PE Specialist Survey | 3.91 (1.5) | “On average, how many minutes per week do students at your school participate in physical education?” |
| School’s Required Physical Education Credits (credits/year) | PE Specialist Survey | 0.65 (0.58) | “What is the minimum physical education requirement for students at your school?” |
| Had gym class in the last year (yes/no) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 47% Yes | Adolescent participated in gym class in the past year. |
| Personal: passive entertainment | |||
| Video Games in Bedroom (yes/no) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 64% Yes | In the room where you sleep, do you have an electronic games console?” (test-retest reliability: percent concordance = 94%) |
| TV in Bedroom (yes/no) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 39% Yes | In the room where you sleep, do you have a television?” (test-retest reliability: percent concordance = 97%) |
| Screen Time (hours/day) | Adolescent Report (EAT-2010) | 5.74 (3.82) | Hours per day watching TV, using a computer, or playing video-games. (test-retest reliability: r = .86) |
| Parent watches TV with Child (hours/week) | Parent Report (F-EAT) | 2.38 (1.92) | Hours per week parent watches TV with their adolescent (test-retest reliability: r = .53) |
| Parent TV hours (hours/week) | Parent Report (F-EAT) | 14.35 (9.14) | “On an average day, how many hours do you spend watching TV, DVDs, or videos?” (test-retest reliability: r = .78) |
| Home Media Equipment (count) | Parent Report (F-EAT) | 7.75 (3.33) | Parent-reported count of exercise media equipment available at home. (test-retest reliability: r = .73–.90) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass Index; EAT-2010, Eating and Activity in Teens; F-EAT, Families and Eating and Activity among Teens; GIS, geographic Information system.