Table 1.

Summary of studies employing different EV loading strategies.

Cargo	Loading Method	Species	Loading Efficiency/Capacity	References
Small RNA and Oligonucleotides (miRNA & siRNA)	Electroporation	Bovine, Murine, E. coli, Human	<0.5–62%	[3], [4], [5], [6], [16], [68], [75], [76], [78], [79], [84], [85], [90], [91], [92], [96], [99], [114], [115], [116], [117], [118], [119], [120], [121], [122], [123], [124], [125], [126], [127]
	Chemical Transfection	Bovine, Human, Murine	NR-30%	[6], [76], [127]
	Sonication	Human	NR	[68]
	Incubation	Human, Murine	70–80%	[58], [59], [60], [128]
Small Molecule Drugs	Electroporation	Human, Murine	0.5–50%	[7], [8], [9], [64], [67], [80], [116], [129]
	Sonication	Human, Murine	8–30%	[67], [93], [130], [131], [132]
	Incubation	Bovine, Human, Murine	1–67%	[28], [50], [51], [61], [64], [67], [129], [131], [132], [133]
	Thermal Shock	Human	10–13%	[61], [132]
DNA and Plasmids	Electroporation	Human, Murine	1.75–20%	[83], [134], [135]
Proteins (e.g. Enzymes and Inhibitors)	Electroporation	Bovine, Human	0.4–0.5%	[81], [82], [136], [137], [138]
	Incubation	Murine	5–19%	[54], [139]
	Sonication	Murine	26%	[54], [139]
	Thermal Shock	Murine	15%	[54]
	Extrusion	Murine	22%	[54]
Nanoparticles	Electroporation	Murine	7%	[63]
	Sonication	Murine	19%	[63]
	Incubation	Murine	14–16%	[63]
	Thermal Shock	Murine	9–18%	[63]
	Chemical Transfection	Human	NR	[140]
Gene-Editing Complexes	Electroporation	Human	NR	[141]