Table 2.

Results of the analysis of covariance between Portuguese physicians at the frontline (n=200) and those not at the frontline (n=220) during the COVID-19 pandemic (May 4-25, 2020) with respect to the DASS-21^a and OCI-R^b scales, using age and sex as covariates.

Parameter			Values, mean (SD)	Between-group statistics
				Statistics	P values
DASS-21 depression score
	Group			F (1,415)=2.7; η2=0.065	.10
		Frontlinec	3.69 (4.12)	N/Ad	N/A
		Nonfrontline	2.78 (3.54)	N/A	N/A
	Age		N/A	F (1,415)=1.9; η2=0.004	.17
	Sex			F (1,415)=0.7; η2=0.001	.41
		Female	3.54 (3.75)	N/A	N/A
		Male	2.90 (3.92)	N/A	N/A
DASS-21 anxiety score
	Group			F (1,415)=1.8; η2=0.004	.18
		Frontline	2.50 (3.25)	N/A	N/A
		Nonfrontline	1.89 (2.96)	N/A	N/A
	Age		N/A	F (1,415)=1.4; η2=0.003	.24
	Sex			F (1,415)=4.7; η2=0.011e	.03
		Female	2.63 (3.20)	N/A	N/A
		Male	1.77 (2.98)	N/A	N/A
DASS-21 stress score
	Group			F (1,415)=8.3; η2=0.019e	.004
		Frontline	6.47 (4.65)	N/A	N/A
		Nonfrontline	4.69 (4.19)	N/A	N/A
	Age		N/A	F (1,415)=6.8; η2=0.016e	.009
	Sex			F (1,415)=7.5; η2=0.017e	.007
		Female	6.45 (4.40)	N/A	N/A
		Male	4.69 (4.44)	N/A	N/A
OCI-R total score
	Group			F (1,415)=1.8; η2=0.004	.18
		Frontline	13.12 (13.00)	N/A	N/A
		Nonfrontline	11.70 (12.52)	N/A	N/A
	Age		N/A	F (1,415)=0.9; η2=0.002	.35
	Sex			F (1,415)=0.4; η2=0.001	.51
		Female	12.68 (12.33)	N/A	N/A
		Male	12.10 (13.17)	N/A	N/A

^aDASS-21: 21-items Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale.

^bOCI-R: Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised.

^cOne participant with missing information (incorrect data entry).

^dN/A: not applicable.

^eValues are significant.