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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Health Behav. 2020 Jul 1;44(4):392–408. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.44.4.3

Table 3.

Major Themes and Subthemes Elicited from the Focus Groups about Health Literacy (HL)

Focal Area Major Themes Subthemes
Types of HL Active Informed deliberate engagement
Passive Subconscious engagement
Subjective feelings post non-deliberate engagement
Barriers/protective factors associated with HL acquisition and utilization Adolescent characteristics Future orientation
Self-control
Personal motivation
Low risk perception/susceptibility
Environmental factors Provider communication
Access to resources/information
Parent characteristics
Media
Religion
Inadequate health knowledge Knowledge of health terminology
Not being taught HL skills at all
Being taught HL skills too late
Misinformation
Uncertainty/self-doubt in current knowledge
Confidence in HL skills/usage Sure of Skills Informed health-decision making
Good patient provider communication
Behavior and knowledge align
Share information with others
Unsure of skills (but reflects opposite) Questioning media content
Consult multiple sources of information
Communicate lack of understanding with providers
Unsure Failing to disclose info to providers/ intimidation
Not able to answer friends’ health questions
Ignore own knowledge/fail to question reliable source
Medical non-adherence
Insufficient research on medication
Unfamiliar terminology