Table 3.
Authors |
Q.1 |
Q.2 |
Q.3 |
Q.4 |
Q.5 |
Q.6 |
Q.7 |
Q.8 |
Q.9 |
Q.10 |
Q.11 |
Q.12 |
Q.13 |
% Yes/Risk |
Jejurikar et al. 201420 | U | U | √ | – | NA | – | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 66.6% moderate |
Eppright et al. 20144 | √ | √ | √ | – | NA | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 91.6% low |
Bowen et al. 20155 | √ | √ | √ | √ | NA | – | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 91.6% low |
Li et al. 20167 | √ | √ | √ | – | NA | – | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 83.3% low |
Zotti et al. 20161 | √ | √ | √ | – | NA | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 75% low |
Cozzani et al. 20166 | √ | √ | √ | √ | NA | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 83.3% low |
Alkadhi et al. 201721 | √ | √ | √ | – | NA | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 91.6% low |
The risk of bias was ranked as high when the study reached up to 49% of “yes” scores, moderate when the study reached from 50% to 69% of “yes” scores, and low when the study reached more than70% of “yes” scores. U indicates unclear; √, yes; –, no; NA, not applicable. Q.1: Was true randomization used for assigning participants to treatment groups? Q.2: Was allocation to treatment groups concealed? Q.3: Were treatment groups similar at baseline? Q.4: Were participants blind to the treatment assignment? Q.5: Were those delivering the treatment blind to the treatment assignment? Q.6: Were the outcome assessors blind to the treatment assignment? Q.7: Were the treatment groups treated identically other than the intervention of interest? Q.8: Was follow-up completed and, if not, were the differences between groups in terms of their follow up adequately described and analyzed? Q.9: Were the participants analyzed in the groups in which they were randomized? Q.10: Were the outcomes measured in the same way for the treatment groups? Q.11: Were the outcomes measured in a reliable way? Q.12: Was appropriate statistical analysis used? Q.13: Was the trial design appropriate and were any deviations from the standard randomized control trial design (individual randomization, parallel groups) accounted for in the conduct and analysis of the trial?