| Actinomonas mirabilis |
|
|
|
240 |
V = 75. |
[243] |
| Alexandrium minutum |
21.7 ± 2.2 |
|
|
(64 ± 23† − 320 ± 84‡) |
†At 12°C. ‡At 24°C. Swimming speeds also available at 8, 16 and 20°C. |
[244] |
| Alexandrium ostenfeldii |
41.1 ± 4.5 |
|
|
(66 ± 19† − 150 ± 34‡) |
†At 12°C. ‡At 16°C. Swimming speeds also available at 8 and 20°C |
[244] |
| Alexandrium tamarense |
26.7 ± 2.6 |
|
|
(108 ± 44† − 255 ± 81‡) |
A. tamarense isolate SB50 appeared in doublet configuration and swam at U = 344 ± 52(max472) (compare: single cells U = 238 ± 64(max360)). †At 12°C. ‡At 24°C. Swimming speeds also available at 8, 16 and 20°C. |
[244] |
| Amphidinium britannicum |
51.2 ± 7 (39.5 − 69.9) |
36.3 ± 4.6 (30 − 53.9) |
N = 2 (longitudinal and transverse): LL ≈ B, λT = 3.375⋆, hT = 0.74⋆. |
72.85(14.1 − 123.3) |
Algae from Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, ME76, (Herdman) Lebour, measured with Laser Doppler Spectroscopy. |
[245, 246] |
| Amphidinium carterae |
16.7†(10 − 22) |
10‡(8 − 13) |
L > 7.64⋆. |
81.27†(14.1 − 149) |
Algae from Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, ME 30, Hulburt, measured with Laser Doppler Spectroscopy. †Average from three ranges registered. ‡Average from two ranges registered. |
[245, 247–250] |
| Amphidinium klebsi |
36.25†(20 − 50) |
23.25†(14 − 30) |
|
73.9 |
(Synonym of A. operculatum) †Average from two ranges registered. |
[247–249] |
| Apedinella spinifera |
(6.5 − 10) |
|
L = (6.5 − 20). |
110 (90 − 175) |
V = 450, G = (0.5 − 1). |
[93, 251] |
| Bodo designis |
(4 − 7)⋆
|
(2 − 4)⋆
|
N = 2, L1 ≈ B, L2 ≈ 2B. |
39 ± 1(max80) |
V = 54. |
[166, 243, 251, 252] |
| Brachiomonas submarina |
(15 − 40) |
|
|
(77 − 115) |
Algae from University of Oslo, Bohlin, measured with Laser Doppler Spectroscopy. |
[245] |
| Cachonina niei |
21.44⋆
|
13.36⋆
|
|
227.1†(50 − 555.6) |
(Syn.: Heterocapsa niei) †Average of the values registered. |
[253–255] |
| Cafeteria roenbergensis |
(1.5 − 2.5)†
|
(1 − 1.5)†
|
N = 2 (longitudinal and transverse):LL = (3 − 5) × B, LT = (1 − 1.5) × B. |
103.6 (58 − 131.8)×
|
†
C. minuta. |
[251, 256] |
| Ceratium cornutum |
(114.5⋆ − 130) |
(50.7⋆ − 77) |
|
(125 − 230.5) |
Ω = (0.5 − 0.67), ω = 50. |
[253, 257–259] |
| Ceratium furca |
(35 − 210) |
27.5⋆
|
N = 2 (longitudinal and transverse). For the longitudinal flagellum: L = (1.97 − 2.2) × W⋆, producing planar sine waves with nw ≈ 1.5, λ = (0.77 − 1.37) × W⋆, h = (0.177 − 0.25) × W⋆. |
(166 − 222) |
Measured at 18-20°C. |
[92, 155, 260–262] |
| Ceratium fusus |
240†(15 − 600) |
(15 − 30) |
N = 2, L = 200, helical or planar beat. |
(62.5 − 250) |
5 measures of speed at 18-20°C. †Average from three ranges registered. |
[91, 92, 155, 260, 263] |
| Ceratium hirundinella |
(95 − 700) |
|
|
(194.4 − 277.8) |
|
[155, 253, 263] |
| Ceratium horridum |
(200 − 250) |
(40 − 60) |
|
(8.3 − 33.3) |
At 18-20°C, 4 measures of speed. |
[92, 155] |
| Ceratium lineatum |
82.1†
|
26.8†
|
λ = 18.6†, h = 1.3†. |
36 |
Ω = 0.63. Cells swim in a helicoidal path with hpath = 6.5 and λpath = 380, with ωormal = 0.07. †From illustration. |
[264] |
| Ceratium longipes |
210 |
(51 − 57) |
|
166 |
At 18-20°C, 1 measure of speed. |
[92, 263] |
| Ceratium macroceros |
(40 − 60) |
|
|
15.4 |
At 18-20°C, 1 measure of speed. |
[92, 155] |
| Ceratium tripos |
158†(79.56‡ − 225) |
(68.1‡ − 157.1) |
N = 2 (longitudinal and transverse). For the longitudinal flagellum: L = 224 ± 27, nw = 2.27 ± 0.33, λ = 74.3 ± 9.6, h = 14.2 ± 2.3. Helical or planar beat. |
121.7 ± 26.8 (69.4 − 250)♢
|
ω = 30.2 ± 2, at 20°C and pH8. †Average of 4 values registered. ‡Horn length not included. ♢From 6 values registered. |
[91, 92, 245, 257, 263, 265] |
| Chilomonas paramecium |
32.5 (20 − 40) |
(10 − 12) |
N = 2, nw = 1.5. Helical beat. Mastigonemes. |
132.35 (59.7 − 162.8)†
|
At 25-26°C. †From 4 values registered. |
[91, 247, 263, 266, 267] |
| Chlamydomonas moewusii |
(9 − 16) |
(5 − 12) |
N = 2, L = (12 − 24). |
128 |
Breaststroke swimming with ω = (10.5 − 12.2). |
[247, 268, 269] |
| Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
(7 − 13) |
|
N = 2, L = (10 − 12). Breaststroke beat. |
92.27 (60 − 200) |
Ω = (0.13 − 0.382), ω = 53 ± 5. Wild-type C. reinhardtii (cc1690). |
[119, 247, 270–273] |
|
Chlamydomonas sp. |
13 |
|
N = 2, L = 35(≈2.5 × B), nw = 1, λ = 6.3, planar DDW or rowing breaststroke. |
(61 − 65.4) |
ω = 8. |
[19, 91, 245, 247, 274, 275] |
| Codonosiga botrytis |
15 |
5 |
N = 1, L = 30. |
|
c = 500, ω = 28. |
[276–278] |
| Crithidia deanei |
7.4 ± 0.2 |
|
L = 13.1 ± 0.4, nw = 0.77(= L/Λ), λ = 11.7 ± 0.2, h = 2.2 ± 0.05. |
45.6 ± 1.5 |
c = 466 ± 12, ω = 40.5 ± 0.8. Cells were cultured at 28°C, and examined at room temperature, 22°C. |
[279] |
| Crithidia fasciculata |
11.1 ± 0.3 |
|
L = 15.1 ± 0.5, nw = 0.94(= L/Λ), λ = 11.6 ± 0.2, h = 2.2 ± 0.07. |
54.3 ± 2.6 |
c = 680 ± 28, ω = 60 ± 2.3. Cells were cultured at 28°C, and examined at room temperature = 22°C. |
[279] |
| Crithidia oncopelti |
(8 − 8.2) |
(2.6 − 3) |
N = 1, L = (17 − 20), λ = 14.4, h = 2.4, planar BDW or DDW. |
(17 − 20) |
c = 250, ω = 16.8, Ω = (1 − 2). λ, h and ω are available in function of the pressure of the fluid. |
[19, 91, 247, 270, 280–282] |
| Crypthecodinium cohnii |
|
|
|
(101 − 144.6)†
|
†Data from helical tracking. |
[264] |
| Diaphanoeca grandis |
|
|
|
40 |
V = 74. |
[243] |
| Dinophysis acuta |
65 |
55 |
N = 2, L = 65, h = 11. Mastigonemes. Either helical or planar beat of flagella. |
500 |
At 18-20°C, 1 measure of speed. |
[92, 276] |
| Dinophysis ovum |
45 |
34 |
|
160 |
|
[95] |
|
Distigma sp. |
(43.8 − 105.8) |
|
N = 2, L1 ≈ 2B, L2 < B/2, DDW |
|
|
[260, 275] |
|
Dunaliella sp. |
(8 − 13.5) |
(5 − 7.6) |
N = 2. |
(121 − 226) |
At 20.5-21.5°C. |
[91, 96, 245, 247, 263] |
| Euglena gracilis |
(45 − 50) |
(9.2 − 15) |
N = 1, L ≈ 45. |
100.9†(59.7 − 162.8) |
ω = 41.15, Ω ≈ 1.25‡. †Average of three registered values. ‡From video. |
[91, 247, 263, 266, 283] |
| Euglena viridis |
(52 − 64) |
(10 − 17) |
N = 1, L = (100 − 128), nw ≈ 1.5, λ = 35 ± 5, h = 6 ± 1, helical DDW. |
80 ± 15 (max168) |
c = (410 − 813†), Ω ≈ 1, ω = 12 ± 3. †Estimate. |
[19, 91, 247, 263, 270, 275, 281, 284, 285] |
| Eutreptiella gymnastica |
(17 − 30) |
|
N = 2, L1 = (20 − 32), L2 = (8 − 13). |
240 (200 − 275) |
G = (2 − 5), V = 650. |
[93, 251] |
|
Eutreptiella sp. R |
(40 − 60) |
(13 − 17) |
|
(115 − 155) |
G = (1.5 − 2.5), V = (4000 − 5888). |
[93, 155] |
| Exuviaella baltica |
(9 − 22) |
|
|
138.9 |
(Taxonomic synonym of Prorocentrum balticum) |
[155, 286, 287] |
| Giardia lamblia |
(10.4 − 12.1)⋆
|
(7.3 − 8.9)⋆
|
N = 8 or four pairs (anterior, posteolateral, ventral and caudal), L = (10.6 − 12.5)⋆, nw = 2, λ = (2.73† − 5.5‡), h = (0.2‡ − 0.31†). |
(12 − 40) |
ωa = (17-18)♢, ωv = (8-11)♢. †Values obtained from curve fitting. ‡Simulated values, for both anterior and posterolateral flagella, η = 1. ♢The cells were attached to the glass slide. |
[288–290] |
| Gonyaulax polyedra |
39.2 ± 3.7 (max 48) |
33.3 ± 3.5 (max 45) |
N = 2, either helical or planar beat. |
(250 − 278) |
Ω = 0.65. V = 25700. At 20°C. |
[243, 247, 263, 291, 292] |
| Gonyaulax polygramma |
(30 − 54.1) |
46.2 |
|
500 |
|
[155, 253, 293] |
| Gymnodinium aureolum |
|
|
|
394 |
|
[5] |
| Gymnodinium sanguineum |
47.6 ± 4 |
30.9 ± 3.3 |
|
(135.4 − 305.6) |
Ω = 0.19. V = 16700. At 20°C. |
[243, 253, 292] |
| Gymnodinium simplex |
(7.2 − 14) |
(6 − 10) |
|
(234 ± 34† − 879 ± 39‡) |
Strain CCMP 418. Motile behaviour was studied in the presence of the ciliate predator Mesodinium simplex. †Approaching swimming. ‡Escaping swimming. |
[155, 294, 295] |
| Gyrodinium aureolum |
(27 − 34) |
|
|
(33 − 245) |
G = (2 − 3). Algae from University of Oslo, Hulburt, measured with Laser Doppler Spectroscopy. V = 250. |
[93, 245] |
| Gyrodinium dorsum |
37.5 ± 4.1 |
31.3 ± 3 |
N = 2, either helical or planar beat. |
324 ± 43.8 (254 − 454) |
Ω = (1.5 − 2.32). At 20°C. Swimming speed for cells with: short flagella = 240 ± 47(120 − 316) μm s−1, no longitudinal flagella = 147 ± 28.5(93 − 224) μm s−1. |
[19, 247, 253, 291, 292, 296] |
| Gyrodinium dorsum |
34.5 |
24.5 |
N = 1. Planar beat. |
148.35 |
Ω = 8.2 (This Gyrodinium has no helical flagella). |
[19, 296] |
| Hemidinium nasutum |
26.8 (24.4⋆ − 30) |
17.1 (15.2⋆ − 20) |
|
105.6 |
Ω = 1. |
[253, 258, 297] |
| Hemiselmis simplex |
(4 − 6.5) |
3 |
N = 2. |
260 (200 − 450) |
G = (7 − 10), V = 10. |
[93, 155, 251] |
| Heterocapsa pygmea |
(12 − 15) |
10.02 ± 0.74 |
|
(89 − 115.7) |
Algae from Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, ME71, Loeblich et al., measured with Laser Doppler Spectroscopy. |
[245, 298] |
| Heterocapsa rotundata |
(10 − 15) |
(5 − 10) |
|
(102 ± 34† − 564 ± 14‡) |
Strain K-483, SCAP motile behaviour was studied in the presence of the ciliate predator Mesodinium simplex. †Approaching swimming. ‡Escaping swimming. |
[155, 294, 299] |
| Heterocapsa triquetra |
17†
|
|
|
97 ± 2 |
†Equivalent spherical diameter. |
[166] |
| Heteromastix pyriformis |
(5 − 7) |
|
N = 2, L1 = (4 − 5), L2 = (1.5 − 2) × B (Also L1 = 3 × B and L2 = 2 × B⋆). |
85 (75 − 100) |
G = (1.5 − 3), V = 13. (Synonym of Nephroselmis pyriformis). |
[93, 251, 260, 300] |
| Hymenomonas carterae |
(10 − 15) |
|
|
(61 − 113) |
Coccolithophorid from Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, ME72, (Braarud & Fagerl.) and from the University of Oslo, (Braarud & Fagerl.), measured with Laser Doppler Spectroscopy. |
[245] |
| Jakoba libera |
|
|
|
19 |
V = 75. |
[243] |
| Katodinium rotundatum |
(7.5 − 14) |
(6 − 8) |
N = 2 (longitudinal and transverse flagellum). |
370 (300 − 550) |
G = (5 − 10). Paulmier 1992, Throndsen 1969 and Campbell 1973. V = (350 − 530). (Taxonomic synonym of Heterocapsa rotundata (Lohmann) G. Hansen) |
[93, 243, 253, 301] |
| Leishmania major |
12.5 ± 0.3 |
|
L = 16.4 ± 0.6, nw = 0.91(= L/Λ), λ = 11.9 ± 0.3, h = 2.9 ± 0.07. |
36.4 ± 2 |
c = 291 ± 4, ω = 24.5 ± 0.8. Friedlin strain V, cultured at 28°C, examined at room temperature = 22°C |
[279] |
| Menoidium cultellus |
45 |
7 |
N = 1, L = 10, nw = 1, λ = 10 ± 2, h = 3 ± 0.5. Helical beat. Mastigonemes. |
(80 − 193.5) |
c = 411.7, Ω ≈ 1, ω = 17 ± 3. |
[267, 284] |
| Menoidium incurvum |
(24 − 26) |
|
N = 1, L ≈ B, nw < 1. Helical DDW. |
50 |
c = 312 (estimate), Ω ≈ 1, ω = 12. |
[247, 275] |
| Micromonas pusilla |
(1 − 3) |
|
|
90(17 − 100) |
Algae from the University of Oslo, (Butcher) Parke & Manton, measured with Laser Doppler Spectroscopy. V = 1.5. |
[93, 245] |
| Monas stigmata |
6 |
|
N = 2, L1 = 3, L2 = 15. Planar beat. |
269 |
ω = 47.75. In a 3 mm deep chamber. When between thin slides, one has measured U = 10 and ω = 19. |
[247, 274] |
|
Monosiga sp. |
|
|
|
25 |
V = 20. |
[243] |
| Monostroma angicava |
(5.9 ± 0.09† − 7.53 ± 0.05‡) |
(2.96 ± 0.03† − 3.70 ± 0.03‡) |
N = 2, L = (13.21 ± 0.17† − 14.21 ± 0.12‡). |
(158.4‡ − 182.7†) |
In water at 5°C. †Male gametes. ‡Female gametes. The planozygotes swam with velocity U = 250.8 at 5°C. |
[302] |
| Nephroselmis pyriformis |
(4.5 − 5) |
|
|
(138 − 189) |
Algae from the University of Oslo, (N. Carter) Ette, measured with Laser Doppler Spectroscopy. |
[245] |
| Oblea rotunda |
20 |
20 |
|
420 |
|
[95] |
| Ochromonas danica |
(6.67 − 10.75)⋆
|
(5.5 − 5.7)⋆
|
λ = 4.5 ± 0.2, h = 0.96 ± 0.12. Leading flagellum with mastigonemes, producing DDW. |
77 ± 2 |
ω = 59 ± 2. At 20°C and η = 1. Data also for η = {2.3, 3.7, 5.6, 7.5, 10}. |
[28, 303] |
| Ochromonas malhamensis |
3 |
|
N = 1, nw = 2.8, λ = 7, h = 1. Mastigonemes. Planar DDW. |
(55 − 60) |
ω = 68.44. At 18°C. |
[19, 91, 285] |
| Ochromonas minima |
(3.5 − 6.5) |
|
N = 2, L1 = (1 − 2) and L2 = B/3. |
75 |
G = (0.25 − 1.25), V = 25. |
[93, 251] |
| Olisthodiscus luteus |
(15 − 30) |
|
|
140 (20 − 160) |
G = (0.5 − 1). Algae from the University of Oslo, N. Carter, measured with Laser Doppler Spectroscopy. V = 600. |
[93, 245] |
| Oxyrrhis marina |
(28.2 − 50.8) |
|
N = 2 (longitudinal and transverse). |
300 ± 134 (90 − 700)†
|
Ω = 9.3. Cells swim in a helicoidal path with hpath = 18 and λpath = 108, with ωnormal = 9.8. Speed increased slightly in the presence of food cells. †Average of 7 registered values. |
[5, 260, 264, 304] |
| Paragymnodinium shiwhaense |
10.9 ± 0.4 (8.4 − 15.2)†
|
8.6 ± 0.3 (5.2 − 11.6)†
|
N = 2 (longitudinal and transverse), LL = 10.12‡, λT = (1.4 − 1.7)⋆, hT = (0.81⋆ − 0.92‡). |
571 |
†For cells growing photosynthetically and starved for 2 days. Cells fed with A. carterae were bigger. ‡From illustration. |
[5, 305] |
| Paraphysomonas imperforata |
|
|
|
42 |
V = 212. |
[243] |
| Paraphysomonas vestita |
14.7⋆
|
|
nw > 2, h = (1.5 ± 0.3 − 2.6 ± 0.5). Mastigonemes. Complex 3D beat. |
70(67.7† − 166‡) |
ω = 49 ± 4. At 20-25°C. When a particle made contact with the flagellum, the pattern of flagellar beat changed to a hooked wave and the frequency increased to 74 ± 9 s−1. V = 190. †Cells swimming in a circular path. ‡Cells swimming in a helical path. |
[243, 306, 307] |
| Pavlova lutheri |
(5 − 8) |
|
|
(121 − 131) |
Algae from Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, ME52, (Droop) Green, measured with Laser Doppler Spectroscopy. |
[245] |
| Peranema trichophorum |
55 (20 − 70) |
12 |
N = 1, L = (40 − 100). Mastigonemes. Tractellar, helical BDW. |
20 |
c = 200, ω = (5 − 6). |
[19, 91, 247, 263, 270, 275, 281, 308] |
| Peridinium bipes |
42.9⋆
|
37⋆
|
|
291 |
Ω = 4.99. Cells swim in a helicoidal path with hpath = 17.8 and λpath = 289, with ωnormal = 1.92. |
[264] |
|
Peridinium cf. quinquecorne
|
(16 − 22) |
|
|
1500 |
V = 140000. |
[243, 245, 253, 309] |
| Peridinium cinctum |
46 (40 − 55) |
44 |
|
(40 − 200) |
Ω = 0.83. Algae from Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, ME24, (O. F. Müller) Ehrenb., measured with Laser Doppler Spectroscopy. |
[245, 253, 258] |
| Peridinium claudicans |
(50 − 105) |
(48 − 75) |
|
215(125 − 333) |
V = 110000. At 18-20°C, 6 measures of speed. (Taxonomic synonym of Protope-ridinium claudicans) |
[92, 155, 243, 310] |
| Peridinium crassipes |
102⋆
|
77⋆
|
|
100 |
V = 204000. At 18-20°C, 1 measure of speed. (Taxonomic synonym of Protope-ridinium crassipes) |
[92, 243, 311] |
| Peridinium foliaceum |
30.6 ± 3.3 |
30.6 ± 3.3 |
|
185.2 |
Ω = 2. At 20°C. |
[292] |
| Peridinium gregarium |
(30 − 35) |
≈B
|
N = 2, LT ≈ 200†. |
(777.8 − 1805.6) |
(Taxonomic synonym of Bysmatrum gregarium). †Estimate. |
[253, 312] |
| Peridinium ovatum |
(54 − 68) |
|
|
188(125 − 250) |
V = 110000. At 18-20°C, 2 measures of speed. (Taxonomic synonym of Protope-ridinium ovatum Pouchet). |
[92, 243, 313, 314] |
| Peridinium penardii |
(25.1 − 32.5)⋆
|
|
|
417 |
(Taxonomic synonym of Peridiniopsis penardii (Lemmermann) Bourrelly). |
[315–317] |
| Peridinium pentagonum |
106 (75 − 110) |
87.5 (75 − 100) |
|
252 (200 − 333) |
V = 110000. At 18-20°C, 2 measures of speed. (Taxonomic synonym of Protope-ridinium pentagonum (Gran) Balech). |
[92, 243, 318, 319] |
| Peridinium subinerme |
(40 − 60) |
(40 − 50) |
|
(278 − 285) |
V = 50000. At 18-20°C, 1 measure of speed. (Taxonomic synonym of Protoperidinium subinerme (Paulsen) Loeblich III). |
[92, 155, 243, 320] |
| Peridinium trochoideum |
(20 − 30) |
(15 − 23) |
|
(36 − 70) |
|
[253, 316] |
| Peridinium umbonatum |
28(25 − 35) |
23(21 − 30) |
|
250 |
Ω = 1.67. |
[253, 258, 316] |
| Phaeocystis pouchetii |
(4.5 − 8) |
|
N = 2, L = 1.5 × B. |
(21 − 155) |
Algae from Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, ME64, (Harlot) Lagerh., measured with Laser Doppler Spectroscopy. |
[245, 251] |
| Polytoma uvella |
18.25†(15 − 30) |
(9 − 20) |
N = 2, L ≈ B, λ = 15, h = 2.9⋆. Planar DDW and rowing breaststroke beating. |
103.7†(74.8 − 127) |
c > 312, Ω = (3 − 4), ω = 11.7† (7 − 20). At 20-22°C. †Average of the different values registered. |
[19, 91, 247, 263, 274, 275, 321, 322] |
| Polytomella agilis |
(9.8 − 15) |
(4.9 − 9) |
N = 4, L = (8 − 9), Planar DDW and rowing breaststroke. |
(80 − 220) |
c = (90 − 450), ω = (7 − 33). At 20-22°C. |
[19, 91, 247, 270, 322, 323] |
|
Poteriodendron sp. |
|
|
L = 35, λ = 4, h ≈ 2. Planar beat. |
Sessile |
ω = 40. At 20°C. |
[281] |
| Prorocentrum mariae-lebouriae |
14.8 ± 1.7 |
14.8 ± 1.7 |
|
(83 − 171.3 ± 27.8) |
Ω = 3. At 20°C. |
[245, 257, 292] |
| Prorocentrum micans |
(40 − 50) |
|
|
117.55†(47.2 − 611) |
V = 34000. †Average of 6 registered values. |
[243, 245, 253] |
| Prorocentrum minimum |
15.1 ± 0.3 (max20) |
11.8 ± 0.8 |
N = 2 (longitudinal and transverse): λL = 12.22 ± 0.81, hL = 1.31 ± 0.2, hT = 1.14 ± 0.14. |
107.7 ± 54.6 |
Ω = 1.12 ± 0.23, ωL = 65.9 ± 9.4, ωT = 36.1 ± 15.2. Algae from Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, ME 3, Pavillard, measured with Laser Doppler Spectroscopy. Strain NIES-238 cultured in ESM medium at 20°C. |
[245, 257] |
| Prorocentrum redfieldii |
33.2⋆
|
10.28⋆
|
L = 13.5⋆. |
333.3 |
Bursa (Taxonomic synonym of Prorocentrum triestinum J. Schiller). |
[324, 325] |
| Protoperidinium depressum |
132 |
116 |
|
450 |
|
[95] |
| Protoperidinium granii |
(35 − 80) |
(25 − 56) |
|
86.1 |
(Ostf.) Balech. |
[155, 324, 326] |
| Protoperidinium pacificum |
54 |
50 |
|
410 |
|
[95] |
| Prymnesium parvum |
7.2 ± 0.3 |
5.4 ± 0.5 |
N = 2 and a haptonema. L = 10, Lh = 3.4 ± 0.6. |
30 |
ω = 40. |
[327] |
| Prymnesium polylepis |
9.1 ± 0.8 |
6.8 ± 0.4 |
N = 2 and a haptonema. nw = (1 − 2)⋆, L = 28, Lh = 13.5 ± 1.3, λ = 13.4 ± 2.4⋆, h = (1.9 − 2.4)⋆. |
45 |
ω = 33.3. |
[327] |
| Pseudopedinella pyriformis |
(5 − 8) |
|
N = 1 (and usually a pseudopodium), L = (3 − 5) × B. |
105 (90 − 110) |
G = (0.5 − 1), V = 500. |
[93, 251] |
| Pseudoscourfieldia marina |
(3.2 − 5) |
|
|
(21 − 63) |
Algae from the University of Oslo, (Throndsen) Manton, measured with Laser Doppler Spectroscopy. |
[245] |
| Pteridomonas danica |
5.54⋆
|
|
Sine waves with λ = 13.0 ± 1.5, h = 2.2 ± 0.5. Mastigonemes. |
(120.8 − 238.1)†
|
ω = 30 ± 4. At 20-25°C. †For cells swimming in helicoidal paths. For straight: U = (64.3 − 69.7); and for circular: U = (112 − 134.3). |
[306, 328] |
| Pyramimonas amylifera |
(18 − 31) |
|
N = 4 or 8, L = 1.5 × B. |
(20 − 25) |
Algae from the University of Oslo, Conrad, measured with Laser Doppler Spectroscopy. |
[245] |
| Pyramimonas cf. disomata |
(6 − 12) |
(4 − 5) |
N = 4, L = 8†. |
350 (290 − 420) |
G = (4 − 6), V = 100. †Using the width given to construct scale bars; average of the four flagella. |
[93, 251, 329, 330] |
| Rhabdomonas spiralis |
(14 − 40) |
10 |
N = 1, nw = 1, λ = 15 ± 3, h = 3.5 ± 0.5. Helical beat. Mastigonemes. |
120 ± 20 |
Ω ≈ 1.4, ω = 25 ± 5. |
[91, 267, 284] |
| Rhodomonas salina |
(12 − 17) |
6 |
N = 2, L ≈ 0.7 × B⋆. |
(153 ± 16† − 950 ± 90‡) |
Strain from the Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen. Motile behaviour was studied in the presence of the ciliate predator Mesodinium simplex. †Approaching swimming. ‡Escaping swimming. |
[5, 155, 251, 294] |
| Scrippsiella trochoidea |
25.3 ± 2.4 (max 35) |
19.9 ± 2.1 |
|
82 (22.2 − 153) |
V = 3600. Algae from Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, ME64, (Stein) Loeblich, measured with Laser Doppler Spectroscopy. |
[243, 245, 292, 324] |
|
Spumella sp. |
10†
|
|
|
25 ± 2 |
†Equivalent Spherical diameter. (Synonym of Monas O. F. Müller 1773 and of Heterochromonas Pascher 1912) |
[166, 251] |
|
Teleaulax sp. |
(12 − 15) |
|
N = 2, L ≈ 0.6 × B⋆†. |
(53 − 56) |
Behaviour in the presence of the predator Oxyrrhis marina. Prior to encounter with predator: U = (61 − 76), post-encounter: U = (133 − 143). †For T. acuta
|
[5, 251] |
| Tetraflagellochloris mauritanica |
(3 − 5) |
(2 − 2.5) |
N = 4, two short flagella (Ls = (11-12)) and two long flagella (Ll = (33-36)). |
300 ± 35(260 − 350)†
|
ω = 10 ± 1†. †During forward swimming (the four rear-mounted flagella beat synchronously, uni-directionally, and perfectly phase-locked behind the cell). During backward swimming (the right and left flagella couples beat asynchronously, alternatively and sequentially every 0.4 s), U = 102 ± 13(85 − 120) and ω = 2.5. The cells are also observed to form colonies of up to 16 cells, for which U = 98 ± 11(83 − 115). |
[331] |
| Trachelomonas volvocina |
25 |
|
L = 50. Series of helical waves. Mastigonemes. |
|
|
[267] |
| Tritrichomonas foetus |
14.63 ± 1.3 |
6.73 ± 1 |
N = 4. |
|
Forces and torques have been characterised but no swimming velocity is given. |
[332] |
| Trypanosoma brucei |
(11.51 − 26) |
(1.03 − 3.6) |
L = 9.04, λ = (1.8 − 3.9), h = (1 − 2.5). Planar BDW loops of varying λ and h. (Using the figures of [333] one gets L = 19.4⋆, nw = (1 − 2), λ = 7.5⋆and h = 1.95⋆). |
(5 ± 2† − 8 ± 2‡)♢
|
Propagation of kinks = (85 ± 18† − 136 ± 7‡) μm s−1. Ω = 19 ± 3 flips s−1 (each flip ≈180° rotation) at 22°C. †Procyclic form. ‡Bloodstream form. ♢[333] measured U = 18.6 ± 5.9(9.7 − 38)× in persistent swimming and ω = 19 when swimming in mouse blood. Motility of the strains ILTat 1.4 and AnTat 1.1 was analysed in the blood from different host mammals. The authors also studied the changes in motile behaviour in response to viscosity changes. |
[333–336] |
| Trypanosoma congolense |
(11 − 25) |
(1.8 − 3.7) |
N = 1, L = (10.47 − 12.76)⋆, nw = (1 − 2), λ = (5.26 − 5.84)⋆, h = (0.64 − 0.82)⋆. |
9.7 ± 5.0(1.8 − 26.0)×
|
ω = (6 − 9). Motility of the strain IL 1180 and KETRI 3827 was analysed in the blood from different host mammals. The authors also studied the changes in motile behaviour in response to viscosity changes. |
[333] |
| Trypanosoma cruzi |
20 |
2 |
N = 1, nw = 3, λ = 3.5, h = 0.5. Planar sine BDW. |
(40 − 304) |
ω = (14 − 23). In blood. Flexible body. |
[19, 91, 337, 338] |
| Trypanosoma evansi |
22(19 − 24) |
2.9(2.1 − 3.7) |
N = 1, L = 18.84⋆, nw = (1 − 2), λ = 9.4⋆, h = 1.8⋆. |
16.1 ± 5.5(4.7 − 26)×
|
ω = 15. Motility of the strain KETRI 2479 and KETRI 4009 was analysed in the blood from different host mammals. The authors also studied the changes in motile behaviour in response to viscosity changes. |
[333] |
| Trypanosoma vivax |
23(18 − 29) |
3.4(2 − 3.2) |
N = 1, L = 19.4⋆, nw = (1 − 2), λ = 10.2⋆, h = 2.8⋆. |
29.5 ± 19.4 (4.5 − 109)×
|
ω = (13 − 29). Motility of the strains IL 1392 and IL 2136 was analysed in the blood from different host mammals. The authors also studied the changes in motile behaviour in response to viscosity changes. |
[333] |
