Table 2. Baseline table.
| Characteristic | Total (N = 94) | Gondar (n = 32) | Boru Meda (n = 62) | Pa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex, n (%)b | 63 (67.0) | 19 (59.4) | 44 (71.0) | 0.257 |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 21.5 (16.0–39.0) | 22.5 (16.0–40.0) | 21.5 (16.3–33.8) | 0.839 |
| Duration of lesion (months), median (IQR) | 12.0 (6.3–36.0) | 12.0 (6.0–36.0) | 12.0 (7.3–34.5) | 0.813 |
| Nr of lesions, median (IQR) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (1.0–3.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 0.813 |
| Size of lesionc (cm), median (IQR) | 6.0 (4.0–7.9) | 7.5 (4.0–11.3) | 5.5 (4.3–7.0) | 0.813 |
| Location of index lesion, n (%) | 0.699 | |||
| Face | 86 (91.5) | 30 (93.9) | 56 (90.3) | |
| Arms and legs | 8 (8.5) | 2 (6.2) | 6 (9.7) | |
| Type of CL, n (%) | 0.340 | |||
| LCL | 19 (20.2) | 7 (21.9) | 12 (19.4) | |
| MCL | 47 (50.0) | 13 (40.6) | 34 (54.8) | |
| DCL | 26 (27.7) | 12 (37.5) | 14 (22.6) | |
| LR | 2 (2.1) | 2 (3.2) | ||
| Presentation of index lesiond, n (%) | ||||
| Plaque | 73 (77.7) | 23 (71.9) | 50 (80.6) | 0.333 |
| Erythematous | 49 (52.1) | 27 (84.4) | 22 (35.5) | <0.001 |
| Crusted | 48 (51.1) | 22 (68.8) | 26 (41.9) | 0.014 |
| Swollen | 38 (40.4) | 25 (78.1) | 13 (21.0) | <0.001 |
| Nodular | 28 (29.8) | 7 (21.9) | 21 (33.9) | 0.228 |
| Papular | 26 (27.7) | 8 (25.0) | 18 (29.0) | 0.679 |
| Scaly | 25 (26.6) | 4 (12.5) | 21 (33.9) | 0.026 |
| Ulcerated | 12 (12.8) | 3 (9.4) | 9 (14.5) | 0.745 |
| Superinfected | 10 (10.6) | 7 (21.9) | 10 (16.1) | 0.493 |
| Microscopy result, n (%) | ||||
| Positivee | 46 (53.5) | 22 (71.0) | 24 (43.6) | 0.015 |
| Negative | 40 (46.5) | 9 (29.0) | 31 (56.4) | |
| PCR result, n (%) | 0.346 | |||
| Positivee | 79 (91.9) | 28 (93.3) | 51 (91.1) | |
| Negative | 1 (1.2) | 1 (3.3) | 0 | |
| Invalid | 6 (7.0) | 1 (3.3) | 5 (8.9) | |
| HIV coinfectione, n (%) | 2 (2.5) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (1.6) | 0.406 |
| Relapse, n (%) | 8 (8.5) | 2 (6.2) | 6 (9.7) | 0.712 |
| Use of prior traditional treatment | 69 (73.4) | 28 (87.5) | 41 (66.1) | 0.026 |
| Herbalf | 59 (62.8) | 23 (71.9) | 36 (58.1) | 0.189 |
| Use of prior modern treatment | 19 (20.2) | 8 (25.0) | 11 (17.7) | 0.406 |
| SSG IL | 2 | - | 2 | |
| Cryotherapy | 1 | 1 | - | |
| SSG IM/IV | 10g | 7 | 3 | |
| SSG IM/IV + allopurinol | 7h | - | 7 | |
| AmBisome | 1i | 1 | - | |
| SSG + paromomycin | 1j | 2 | - |
LCL: localized cutaneous leishmaniasis, LR: leishmania recidivans, MCL: mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, DCL: diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, IQR: interquartile range, PCR: polymerase chain reaction, HIV: human immunodeficiency virus, SSG: sodium stibogluconate, IL: intralesional, IM: intramuscular, IV: intravenous.
aP-values of χ2,Fisher exact test, two-sample t-test or Mann-Whitney test to compare between sites.
bAll percentages are column percentages.
cBy largest diameter.
dLesions can have multiple presentations, therefore the sum of the different categories can be larger than the whole. Additional presentations were exfoliation (n = 18), hyperpigmentation (n = 17), macrochelia (n = 16), and scarring (n = 10)
e% are calculated excluding missing values (8 microscopy results, 12 PCR results, 15 HIV results which were not done).
f Other treatments included holy water (n = 7), heat (n = 2), ash (n = 2), rubbing with a cross (n = 2), (holy) soil/mud (n = 3), and insects (n = 1).
g3 patients did not complete a whole cycle due to side-effects (n = 2) and non-response (n = 1). The other patients took 1 (n = 2), 2 (n = 2), 3 (n = 1), 5 (n = 1), or 6 (n = 1) 28–43 day cycles of SSG.
hPatients took 1 (n = 2), 2(n = 2), 3(n = 2), 4(n = 1), or 6(n = 1) cycles of SSG + allopurinol.
i1 patient was given a course of AmBisome after non-response to SSG IM/IV.
j1 patient was given 2 cycles of SSG + paromomycin of 63 and 21 days after failure to SSG and SSG (44d)+ miltefosine (48d).