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. 2021 Jun 15;12(6):706–729. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i6.706

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Evaluation of fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 1: ≥ 1 nonvertebral nonhip fragility fracture might be required to initiate therapy; 2: Diabetes-specific clinical risk factors (diabetes duration, antidiabetic medications,, hemoglobin A1c and microvascular complications); 3: In diabetes, fracture risk at T-score < -2 equivalent for nondiabetes at T-score < -2.5; 4: See text. CRF: Clinical risk factor; TBS: Trabecular bone score; DXA: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; FRAX: Fracture Risk Assessment Tool; H/o: History of. Modified from Ferrari et al[123]: Ferrari SL, Abrahamsen B, Napoli N, Akesson K, Chandran M, Eastell R, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Josse R, Kendler DL, Kraenzlin M, Suzuki A, Pierroz DD, Schwartz AV, Leslie WD; Bone and Diabetes Working Group of IOF. Diagnosis and management of bone fragility in diabetes: an emerging challenge. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:2585-2596.Copyright ©The Author(s) 2018. Published by Springer Nature.