Table 2.

Main characteristics and laboratory parameters of COVID-19 patients who survived (n = 93) or did not survive (n = 26) in our study population.

	Total patients (n = 119)	Non-survivors (n = 26, 21.8%)	Survivors (n = 93, 78.2%)	p-Value
Characteristics
Age (years)	54.2 $\pm$ 15.7	60.7 $\pm$ 18.9	52.5 $\pm$ 14.4	0.015*
Sex (male: n, %)	80 (67.2)	14 (53.9)	66 (71.0)	0.100
Nationality (non-Saudi: n, %)	83 (69.8)	13 (50.0)	70 (75.3)	0.013*
Hospital length of stay (days, IQR)	10 (0−19)	15 (9−21)	8 (0−16)	0.003*
Admission to ICU (yes: n, %)	38 (31.9)	17 (65.4)	21 (22.6)	<0.001*
Kidney disease (yes: n, %)	16 (13.5)	3 (11.5)	13 (14.0)	0.747
Diabetes (yes: n, %)	35 (29.4)	4 (15.4)	31 (33.3)	0.076
Laboratory parameters
White blood cell counts ($\text{c}\text{e}\text{l}\text{l}\text{s}/{\text{m}\text{m}}^3$, normal: 4–10)	10.1 $\pm$ 5.3	12.6 $\pm$ 6.2	9.4 $\pm$ 4.9	0.003*
Red blood cell counts ($\text{c}\text{e}\text{l}\text{l}\text{s}/{\text{m}\text{m}}^3$, normal: 4.5−5.5)	4.1 $\pm$ 0.8	3.6 $\pm$ 1.0	4.2 $\pm$ 0.8	0.001*
Neutrophil (${10}^9/$l, normal: 2–7)	7.4 $\pm$ 5.4	10.0 $\pm$ 6.9	6.7 $\pm$ 4.7	0.014*
Lymphocytes (${10}^9/$l, normal: 1.1–3.2)	1.6 $\pm$ 1.4	1.8 $\pm$ 2.7	1.5 $\pm$ 0.7	0.069
D-dimers (mcg/mL, normal: 2–5)	121$.4\pm$551.3	33.5 $\pm$ 48.2	145.9 $\pm$ 621.6	0.358
Prothrombin time (seconds, normal: 11–16)	13.9 $\pm$ 2.2	14.2 $\pm$ 3.1	13.8 $\pm$ 1.9	0.914
Partial thromboplastin time (seconds, normal: 26–36)	35.8 $\pm$ 12.0	37.5 $\pm$ 17.2	35.3 $\pm$ 10.2	0.907
Creatine kinase ($\text{u}/\text{l}$, normal: 21–232)	330.8 $\pm$ 568.2	444.6 $\pm$ 534.8	298.9 $\pm$ 575.9	0.135
Creatine kinase myocardial band (mg/l, normal: 7–25)	29.8 $\pm$ 28.1	42.3 $\pm$ 44.7	26.3 $\pm$ 20.3	0.023*
Hemoglobin (g/dl, normal: 13–17)	11.2 $\pm$ 2.4	9.9 $\pm$ 2.4	11.5 $\pm$ 2.2	<0.001*
C-reactive protein (mg/l, normal: 1–10)	78.8 $\pm$ 80.4	125.8 $\pm$ 76.8	65.6 $\pm$ 76.7	<0.001*
Aspartate aminotransferase (μ/l, normal range 15–37)	70.5 $\pm$ 156.4	132.2 $\pm$ 308.3	53.3 $\pm$ 64.6	0.184
Glucose (mmol/l, normal: 3.9–6.1)	10.3 $\pm$ 6.6	10.7 $\pm$ 8.8	10.3 $\pm$ 5.9	0.320
Alanine aminotransferase (μ/l, normal: 30–65)	62.1 $\pm$ 184.5	136.3 $\pm$ 385.0	41.4 $\pm$ 37.5	0.361
Urea (mmol/l, normal: 2.5–8.3)	10.0 $\pm$ 8.0	13.3 $\pm$ 8.4	9.1 $\pm$ 7.7	0.006*
Creatinine (mg/dl, normal: 44–115)	188.0 $\pm$ 239.8	257.7 $\pm$ 274.7	168.5 $\pm$ 226.9	0.058
Lactate dehydrogenase, (u/l, normal: 100–190)	375.8 $\pm$ 415.6	612.2 $\pm$ 828.5	309.7 $\pm$ 121.8	0.072
Albumin (g/l, normal: 30–50)	28.1 $\pm$ 6.8	25.7 $\pm$ 8.2	28.8 $\pm$ 6.2	0.068
Total protein (g/l, normal: 60–85)	66.2 $\pm$ 8.7	63.0 $\pm$ 8.2	67.1 $\pm$ 8.7	0.054
Platelets (ml, normal: 150–410)	292.1 $\pm$ 127.6	257.9 $\pm$ 120.6	301.7 $\pm$ 128.5	0.129
International normalized ratio (normal: 0.9–1.4)	1.1 $\pm$ 0.2	1.1 $\pm$ 0.3	1.1 $\pm$ 0.2	0.935

^*p < 0.05, results were statistically significant.