Table 2.
Crude and multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for long-term unemployment, long-term sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) during 2010–2013 among 19–30 years old refugees and non-refugee immigrants (according to region and country of birth), with a common mental disorder (diagnosis and/or prescription of antidepressant) during 2009 compared with Swedish-born individuals of similar age
| Long-term unemployment | Long-term sickness absence | Disability pension | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude HR (95% CI) |
Adjusteda HR (95% CI) |
Crude HR (95% CI) |
Adjusteda HR (95% CI) |
Crude HR (95% CI) |
Adjusteda HR (95% CI) |
|
| Swedish-born individualsb | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Refugeesc | ||||||
| Africa | 3.72 (2.97–4.66) | 2.39 (1.91–3.05) | 0.55 (0.33–0.89) | 0.60 (0.36–0.98) | 0.90 (0.48–1.68) | 0.60 (0.32–1.11) |
| Somalia | 4.09 (3.03–5.59) | 2.49 (1.80–3.40) | 0.58 (0.29–1.16) | 0.60 (0.30–1.20) | 1.13 (0.51–2.53) | 0.65 (0.28–1.41) |
| Asia | 3.12 (2.85–3.42) | 2.16 (1.96–2.36) | 0.68 (0.58–0.81) | 0.72 (0.61–0.85) | 0.70 (0.54–0.91) | 0.50 (0.38–0.65) |
| Afghanistan | 3.91 (2.93–5.21) | 2.65 (1.98–3.53) | 0.29 (0.12–0.71) | 0.35 (0.14–0.84) | 0.63 (0.23–1.33) | 0.37 (0.14–1.01) |
| Iraq | 4.12 (3.62–4.69) | 2.36 (2.06–2.68) | 0.37 (0.26–0.54) | 0.39 (0.26–0.53) | 0.81 (0.54–1.20) | 0.47 (0.31–0.69) |
| Iran | 2.06 (1.66–2.54) | 1.82 (1.46–2.24) | 0.97 (0.74–1.27) | 1.08 (0.76–1.34) | 0.43 (0.22–0.83) | 0.45 (0.23–0.87) |
| Syria | 4.01 (2.83–5.66) | 2.58 (2.20–4.42) | 1.16 (0.63–1.96) | 0.97 (0.50–1.75) | 0.71 (0.23–2.22) | 0.54 (0.17–1.68) |
| Europe outside EU25 | 1.99 (1.75–2.27) | 1.61 (1.42–2.01) | 1.02 (0.86–1.19) | 0.99 (0.86–1.19) | 0.70 (0.54–0.91) | 0.78 (0.59–1.01) |
| F. Jugoslavia | 1.93 (1.68–2.21) | 1.56 (1.35–1.78) | 1.02 (0.86–1.21) | 0.98 (0.81–1.14) | 0.98 (0.74–1.29) | 0.79 (0.60–1.04) |
| South America | 1.67 (1.13–2.48) | 1.36 (0.91–2.01) | 1.16 (0.77–1.78) | 1.15 (0.77–1.83) | 0.27 (0.69–1.10) | 0.26 (0.07–1.06) |
| Chile | 1.58 (0.96–2.58) | 1.20 (0.73–1.96) | 1.41 (0.90–2.21) | 1.35 (0.86–2.12) | 0.56 (0.18–1.74) | 0.49 (0.12–1.93) |
| Non-refugee migrantsd | ||||||
| Africa | 3.04 (2.49–3.71) | 2.13 (1.74–2.59) | 0.72 (0.50–1.02) | 0.72 (0.50–1.02) | 0.36 (0.16–0.80) | 0.24 (0.10–0.54) |
| Somalia | 3.76 (2.67–5.30) | 2.38 (1.68–3.35) | 0.49 (0.22–1.09) | 0.52 (0.22–1.16) | 0.42 (0.10–1.71) | 0.20 (0.52–0.83) |
| Asia | 2.71 (2.47–2.96) | 2.01 (1.82–2.18) | 0.70 (0.60–0.81) | 0.68 (0.60–0.81) | 0.73 (0.57–0.93) | 0.54 (0.42–0.68) |
| Afghanistan | 2.09 (1.39–3.15) | 1.36 (0.90–2.05) | 0.49 (0.23–0.64) | 0.48 (0.22–1.01) | 0.18 (0.26–0.89) | 0.12 (0.18–0.89) |
| Iraq | 3.48 (2.99–4.05) | 2.29 (1.96–2.67) | 0.63 (0.47–0.86) | 0.58 (0.41–0.75) | 0.79 (0.51–1.22) | 0.44 (0.28–0.68) |
| Iran | 2.70 (2.19–3.30) | 2.20 (1.77–2.70) | 0.71 (0.50–1.01) | 0.72 (0.50–1.02) | 0.77 (0.45–1.33) | 0.70 (0.39–1.21) |
| Syria | 3.52 (2.44–5.07) | 2.19 (1.50–3.13) | 0.92 (0.49–1.71) | 0.80 (0.40–1.40) | 0.95 (0.35–2.53) | 0.67 (0.24–1.81) |
| Europe outside EU25 | 2.49 (2.11–2.94) | 2.02 (1.82–2.19) | 1.01 (0.80–1.27) | 0.95 (0.75–1.19) | 0.79 (0.52–1.20) | 0.70 (0.46–1.05) |
| F. Jugoslavia | 2.72 (2.23–3.33) | 1.94 (1.58–2.36) | 1.13 (0.86–1.48) | 0.95 (0.71–1.22) | 0.93 (0.58–1.50) | 0.83 (0.51–1.34) |
| South America | 2.09 (1.64–2.66) | 1.99 (1.56–2.54) | 0.73 (0.50–1.05) | 0.76 (0.53–1.10) | 1.10 (0.68–1.77) | 0.98 (0.61–1.59) |
| Chile | 2.85 (1.99–4.08) | 2.43 (1.73–3.55) | 0.64 (0.33–1.24) | 0.61 (0.31–1.20) | 0.41 (0.10–1.64) | 0.53 (0.17–1.68) |
aAdjusted for age, sex, educational level, family situation, type of living area, labour market attachment in 2009 and inpatient and specialised outpatient healthcare due to somatic disorders during 2009
bNative Swedes is the reference group
cRefugee status: immigrants with reason of settlement as, refugee, humanitarian reasons, need of protection
dImmigrants with reason of settlement due to labour, study, family reunification