Table 4.
Crude and multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for long-term unemployment, long-term sickness absence and disability pension during 2010–2013 among refugees and non-refugee migrants from different regions of birth and resident in Sweden (19–30 years old), with a common mental disorder (diagnosis and/or prescription of antidepressant) during 2009 with the age at arrival in Sweden ≤ 16 years compared to refugees and non-refugee migrants from the same region of birth and with age at arrival > 16 years
| Long-term unemployment | Long-term sickness absence | Disability pension | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude HR (95% CI) |
Adjusteda HR (95% CI) |
Crude HR (95% CI) |
Adjusted HR (95% CI) |
Crude HR (95% CI) |
Adjusted HR (95% CI) |
|
| Age at arrival > 16 yearsb | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Refugeesc age at arrival ≤ 16 years | ||||||
| Africa | 0.40 (0.24–0.66) | 0.50 (0.29–0.85) | 3.62 (1.16–11.22) | 2.22 (0.67–7.27) | 2.30 (0.57–9.19) | 2.75 (0.53–14.19) |
| Asia | 0.48 (0.40–0.58) | 0.66 (0.54–0.81) | 1.87 (1.32–2.65) | 1.16 (0.79–1.70) | 0.74 (0.44–1.27) | 1.45 (0.81–2.59) |
| South America | 0.68 (0.25–1.82) | 0.89 (0.30–2.59) | 1.19 (0.35–4.05) | 0.97 (0.28–3.36) | n.ad | n.a |
| Europe outside EU25 | 0.65 (0.48–0.90) | 0.90 (0.64–1.25) | 1.16 (0.73–1.84) | 0.96 (0.59–1.56) | 0.79 (0.39–1.57) | 0.98 (0.47–2.06) |
| Non-refugee migrantse age at arrival ≤ 16 years | ||||||
| Africa | 0.73 (0.48–1.11) | 0.85 (0.54–1.35) | 2.40 (1.14–5.04) | 2.68 (1.21–5.94) | 2.62 (0.48–14.38) | 2.55 (0.37–17.34) |
| Asia | 0.51 (0.42–0.62) | 0.64 (0.51–0.79) | 1.54 (1.14–2.09) | 1.55 (1.10–2.19) | 1.51 (0.94–2.43) | 1.44 (0.81–2.56) |
| South America | 0.56 (0.34–0.92) | 0.79 (0.44–1.39) | 1.10 (0.52–2.34) | 1.27 (0.56–2.90) | 5.08 (1.16–22.22) | 3.17 (0.61–16.53) |
| Europe outside EU25 | 0.61 (0.42–0.89) | 0.77 (0.50–1.17) | 1.06 (0.65–1.71) | 1.29 (0.76–2.21) | 1.48 (0.64–3.37) | 1.81 (0.70–4.66) |
aThe model was adjusted for age, sex, educational level, family situation, type of living area, labour market attachment in 2009 and specialised healthcare due to somatic disorders during 2009
bThe reference group comprised refugees and non-refugee migrants with age at arrival > 16 years from the same region of birth
cRefugee status: migrants with reason of settlement as refugee according to the Geneva Convention, humanitarian reasons or in need of protection
dn.a. not applicable
eNon-refugee migrants: migrants with reason of settlement due to labour, study or family reunification