Table 1:
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics
| Total (N = 944)a | Persons with incident CVD (N=39) | Persons without incident CVD (N=905) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, Median (Q1, Q3) | 50 (46, 56) | 55 (50, 58) | 50 (45, 55) | <0.001 |
| Male sex, % | 80 | 90 | 80 | 0.1 |
| Race/Ethnicity, % | 0.8 | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 47 | 41 | 47 | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 30 | 31 | 30 | |
| Hispanic, other | 23 | 28 | 23 | |
| BMI, kg/m2, Median (Q1, Q3) | 27.2 (24.1, 30.9) | 28.0 (25.3, 32.0) | 27.2 (24.1, 30.9) | 0.4 |
| Smoking status, % | 0.4 | |||
| Never | 42 | 36 | 42 | |
| Former | 33 | 31 | 33 | |
| Current | 25 | 33 | 24 | |
| Fasting cholesterol, Median (Q1, Q3) | ||||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 185 (162, 210) | 197 (172, 235) | 184 (162, 209) | 0.03 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 46 (39, 57) | 42 (38, 50) | 46 (39, 57) | 0.05 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 107 (87, 128) | 118 (90, 138) | 106 (87, 127) | 0.09 |
| Diabetes, % | 10 | 23 | 9 | 0.005 |
| Hypertensionb, % | 33 | 44 | 33 | 0.2 |
| 5-year ASCVD risk, %, Median (Q1, Q3) | 2.003 (1.034, 3.916) | 4.626 (2.084, 9.690) | 1.930 (1.021, 3.653) | <0.001 |
| Frailty scorec, Median (Q1, Q3) | 0 (0, 1) | 1 (0, 1) | 0 (0, 1) | 0.07 |
| Frailty status, N (%) | 0.2 | |||
| Fraild | 57 (6) | 4 (10) | 53 (6) | |
| Pre-fraile | 350 (37) | 18 (46) | 332 (37) | |
| Non-frail | 537 (57) | 17 (44) | 520 (57) | |
| Nadir CD4, cells/μL, Median (Q1, Q3) | 194 (63, 304) | 72 (26, 205) | 198 (67, 305) | 0.004 |
| Baseline CD4, cells/μL, Median (Q1, Q3) | 618 (450, 828) | 494 (372, 831) | 620 (454, 828) | 0.1 |
| ART duration, years, Median (Q1, Q3) | 7.7 (4.4, 11.9) | 10.7 (6.8, 14.3) | 7.7 (4.3, 11.9) | 0.01 |
| Pre-ART HIV RNA, copies/mL, Median (Q1, Q3) | 55,597 (19,918, 179,031) | 95,567 (33,050, 312,275) | 54,517 (19,646, 173,093) | 0.05 |
| HIV RNA suppressed to <200 copies/mL ≥75% of the time pre-enrollment, N (%) | 745 (79%) | 31 (79%) | 714 (79%) | 0.9 |
| Baseline HIV RNA <200 copies/mL, N (%) | 892 (94) | 34 (87) | 858 (94) | 0.06 |
| History of clinical AIDS, N (%) | 200 (21%) | 10 (26%) | 190 (21%) | 0.5 |
36 participants were not included in 5-year ASCVD risk and frailty assessments due to lack of data; from N=999, an additional 55 participants not included due to prior CVD events
defined by use of antihypertensive medication at baseline
frailty score determined by the 5 components of the Fried frailty phenotype: weak grip, slow gait speed on a 4-meter walk, and self-reported weight loss, exhaustion, and limitations in ability to undertake vigorous physical activity
frailty status defined by ≥3 components of the Fried frailty phenotype
pre-frailty status defined as 1–2 components of the Fried frailty phenotype
BMI=body mass index; HDL=high density lipoprotein; LDL=low-density lipoprotein; ART=antiretroviral therapy; ASCVD=atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; ART=antiretroviral therapy; HIV=Human Immunodeficiency Virus; RNA=ribonucleic acid; AIDS=Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome