Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Children with typical development (n = 17) |
Children with ASD (n = 17) |
Group difference |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) range | Mean (SD) range | P value Cohen’s d variance ratio | |
| Chronological age (months) | 20.41 (1.66) 18–23 |
31.06 (3.67) 24–36 |
P < 0.001* d = 3.74 var ratio = 2.21 |
| Auditory comprehension | |||
| Growth scale value | 359.65 (25.97) 313–397 |
354.35 (29.17) 313–397 |
P = 0.580 d = 0.19 var ratio = 1.12 |
| Age equivalent (months) | 20.65 (4.49) 14–28 |
19.94 (4.99) 14–28 |
P = 0.667 d = 0.15 var ratio = 1.11 |
| Standard score | 99.47 (14.75) 77–124 |
70.71 (13.82) 53–98 |
P < 0.001* d = 2.01 var ratio = 1.07 |
| Expressive communication | |||
| Growth scale value | 356.47 (21.98) 325–407 |
349.12 (39.52) 285–407 |
P = 0.507 d = 0.23 var ratio = 1.80 |
| Age equivalent (months) | 23.00 (4.17) 18–33 |
22.06 (7.15) 11–33 |
P = 0.642 d = 0.16 var ratio = 1.71 |
| Standard score | 106.00 (10.59) 91–130 |
80.59 (12.79) 61–100 |
P < 0.001* d = 2.17 var ratio = 1.21 |
| Total Language Standard score |
102.77 (12.52) 86–129 |
74.12 (12.39) 56–95 |
P < 0.001* d = 2.30 var ratio = 1.01 |
| Nonverbal Ratio IQ (n = 16 in the ASD group) | 105.18 (13.31) 86–145 |
75.03 (10.12) 58–90 |
P < 0.001* d = 2.55 var ratio = 1.31 |
| ASD symptom severity | — | 7.47 (1.59) 4–10 |
— |
Note. Auditory Comprehension and Expressive Communication were measured by the Preschool Language Scales, 5th Edition. Nonverbal Ratio IQ was measured by the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. ASD Symptom Severity was measured by the ADOS-2 comparison score.
*
indicates P values are significant at at level of P < 0.001.