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. 2021 Mar 31;37(6):815–830. doi: 10.1007/s12264-021-00661-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Optogenetic test in the AIBM system. A Schematic of the optogenetic-AIBM system. The optogenetics laser was triggered by the data acquisition (DAQ) card. B Expression of the AAV-CaMKII-ChR2-mcherry virus in the SC and the optic fiber position (white dotted line). Scale bar, 500 µm. C Distance of mice to refuge before, during, and after optogenetic stimuli. Upper, control group expressing AAV-CaMKII-EGFP in the SC. Lower, ChR2 group expressing AAV-CaMKII-ChR2-EGFP in the SC. Laser stimuli lasted 1 s. D Latency to the refuge following optogenetic stimuli. E Time spent hiding in the refuge after optogenetic stimuli. F Representative trajectories of the negative control group (left) and the optogenetic group (right). G Distance ratio of the returning trajectory. H Speed of mice to the refuge before, during, and after optogenetic stimuli. Upper, the negative control group. Lower, the ChR2 group. I Mean speed when returning to the refuge following optogenetic stimuli. J Maximum speed when returning to the refuge following optogenetic stimuli. K Average speed curve before, during, and after optogenetic stimuli. n = 25 trials from 5 mice in the control group. n = 17 trials from 6 mice in the ChR2 group. ***P <0.001, experimental vs control groups, rank sum tests.