Table 3.
ENVI-met model applied to the micro-meteorology simulations for evaluating different NBS performance measuring the relevant performance indicators. WRF model applied for the meso to macro scale meteorology simulations for evaluating different NBS performance measuring the relevant performance indicators.
| Purpose | Type of NBS | NBS performance indicator | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quantifying cooling potential of different types of NBS | Green/grey/blue and hybrid (Hong Kong) | Reduction in temperature of air (ΔTa) and physiological equivalent temperature (ΔPET) | Zhao and Fong (2017) |
| Testing four different urban green scenarios for cooling effect | Trees and grasslands (Germany) | Ta, PET and mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) to represent human heat stress | Lee et al. (2016) |
| Evaluating the best suitable strategy to ameliorate built-up micro-scale thermal scenarios. | Green infrastructure (Sri Lanka) | Temperature reduction | Herath et al. (2018) |
| Finding the extent of the maximum reduction in outdoor human heat stress by urban green spaces during severe summer heat | Grassland and trees (Stuttgart, Southwest Germany) | PET, Tmrt and Ta | Lee and Mayer (2018) |
| Studying the effects of the gaps between tree crowns for reducing heat stress during the day for pedestrians inside E-W built-up street canyons in central European situations | Urban trees (Freiburg, Southwest Germany) | PET and Tmrt | Lee et al. (2020) |
| Examining the implication of green infrastructure to assess the appropriate UHI management scheme | Green roof and green wall (West Bengal, India) | Temperature profile | Ziaul and Pal (2020) |
| Studying the effect of heat management schemes on the surface energy balance at the neighborhood scale | Green roof and additional trees (El Monte, LA, Southern California) | surface sensible heat flux (W/m2) | Taleghani et al. (2019) |
| Evaluating the achievement of four kinds of heat management schemes to compensate the effect of UHI episode | Green cover (Kolkata, India) | Biophysical thermal indices (human weighted Tmrt, standard effective temperature, PET, predicted mean vote) and Thermal parameters (thermal radiative power, net radiation and urban morphological parameter: sky view factor) | Chatterjee et al. (2019) |
| Investigating solutions to mitigate the microclimatic conditions and improve the thermal comfort of the citizens | Canopy, water stretch, urban vegetation (Mirti square, Centocelle, Rome, Italy) | Ta, Universal Thermal Climate Index | Battista et al. (2019) |
| Evaluating the various schemes for UHI impact management during the day in regard to thermal relief | Urban vegetation (street and roof) (Tehran) | Sky view factor, Ta and surface temperatures, Tmrt, PET and wind speed | Farhadi et al. (2019) |
| Evaluating two site-specific design strategies (wind-path and sky view factor) for tree planting in the built-up conditions for UHI management | Urban trees (Hong Kong) | Solar transmissivity, surface temperature, Ta reduction, Tmrt, sky-view factor | Tan et al. (2016) |
| Evaluating various UHI management schemes in different built-up neighbourhoods | cool roof, cool pavement, and putting urban greenery (Toronto, Canada) | outdoor Ta, surface temperature, Tmrt, and PET, thermal radiative power and net surface radiation | Wang et al. (2016) |
| Comparing the effect of tree size and space between trees on outdoor comfort for the common tree types and their size | Urban Trees (Montreal, Canada) | Tmrt, Ta | Wang and Akbari (2016) |
| Assessing xeriscaping as a sustainable heat island mitigation strategy. | Xerophytic trees with broad canopies (Phoenix, USA) | Near-surface temperatures (2 m Ta) and Tmrt for outdoor thermal comfort | Chow and Brazel (2012) |
| Assessing heat mitigation strategies | Greenery and water bodies (Portland, Oregon, USA) | Tmrt, Ta, globe temperature | Taleghani et al. (2014) |
| Evaluating the cooling impact of trees and cool roofs in different landscaping strategies (mesic, oasis, and xeric) | Cool roofs and urban forestry and (Phoenix, Arizona, USA) | 2 m Ta | Middel et al. (2015) |
| Assessing effectiveness of UHI mitigation strategies | Grasses, shrubs and trees, application of enhanced albedo substances in outer building surfaces and urban inland water bodies (London, UK) | 2 m Ta | O'Malley et al. (2015) |
| Investigating spatial and temporal pattern of the UHI intensity and evaluate vegetations and cool roof for managing UHI using WRF | Green vegetation and cool roof (Singapore) | Temperature of near-surface air and surface skin | Li and Norford (2016) |