Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients based on dementia status at the end of follow-up.
| Variables | Overall (n = 428,976) | No dementia (n = 419,541) | Dementia (n = 9,435) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 55.5 ± 8.9 | 55.2 ± 8.7 | 68.4 ± 7.0 | < 0.001 |
| Male | 233,380 (54.4) | 229,557 (54.7) | 3823 (40.5) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 125.8 ± 16.6 | 125.7 ± 16.6 | 131.1 ± 18.4 | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 78.4 ± 10.7 | 78.4 ± 10.7 | 79.3 ± 11.0 | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension diagnosis at baseline | 126,525 (29.0) | 121,369 (29.0) | 5156 (55.0) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension duration at baseline, months | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 0.001 |
| High tertile of income | 237,043 (54.7) | 232,311 (55.4) | 4732 (50.2) | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.0 ± 2.9 | 24.0 ± 2.9 | 23.6 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption, times/week | < 0.001 | |||
| < 1 | 288,206 (73.3) | 280,998 (73.1) | 7208 (81.9) | |
| 1–2 | 64,669 (16.4) | 63,952 (16.6) | 717 (8.1) | |
| 3–4 | 25,523 (6.5) | 25,131 (6.5) | 392 (4.5) | |
| ≥ 5 | 15,030 (3.8) | 14,545 (3.8) | 485 (5.5) | |
| Missing values | 35,548 | 34,195 | 633 | |
| Smoking | < 0.001 | |||
| Never | 290,814 (71.6) | 283,677 (71.4) | 7137 (80.2) | |
| Ex | 37,707 (9.3) | 37,126 (9.3) | 581 (6.5) | |
| Current | 77,524 (19.1) | 76,348 (19.2) | 1176 (13.2) | |
| Missing values | 22,931 | 22,390 | 541 | |
| Physical activity, times/week | < 0.001 | |||
| 0–2 | 300,056 (76.8) | 293,085 (76.8) | 6971 (80.1) | |
| 3–4 | 48,643 (12.5) | 48,047 (12.6) | 596 (6.8) | |
| ≥ 5 | 41,842 (10.7) | 40,707 (10.7) | 1135 (13.0) | |
| Missing values | 38,435 | 37,702 | 733 | |
| Hypothyroidism | 10,739 (2.5) | 10,452 (2.5) | 287 (3.0) | < 0.001 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 10,670 (2.5) | 10,354 (2.5) | 316 (3.3) | < 0.001 |
| Major bleeding | 4017 (0.9) | 3838 (0.9) | 179 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3754 (0.9) | 3552 (0.8) | 202 (2.1) | < 0.001 |
| Heart failure | 12,300 (2.9) | 11,438 (2.7) | 862 (9.1) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 33,025 (7.7) | 31,394 (7.5) | 1631 (17.3) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 100,786 (23.5) | 97,654 (23.3) | 3132 (33.2) | < 0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 4043 (0.9) | 3845 (0.9) | 198 (2.1) | < 0.001 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 7672 (1.8) | 7357 (1.8) | 315 (3.3) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2957 (0.7) | 2847 (0.7) | 110 (1.2) | < 0.001 |
| COPD | 39,440 (9.2) | 37,321 (8.9) | 2119 (22.5) | < 0.001 |
| Liver disease | 88,432 (20.6) | 85,962 (20.5) | 2470 (26.2) | < 0.001 |
| Malignant neoplasm | 28,304 (6.6) | 27,269 (6.5) | 1035 (11.0) | < 0.001 |
| Medication at baseline | ||||
| Aspirin | 49,560 (11.6) | 47,406 (11.3) | 2154 (22.8) | < 0.001 |
| Statin | 40,145 (9.4) | 38,831 (9.3) | 1314 (13.9) | < 0.001 |
| Oral anticoagulant | 1255 (0.3) | 1190 (0.3) | 65 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
| ß-blocker | 50,899 (11.9) | 48,761 (11.6) | 2138 (22.7) | < 0.001 |
| RAAS blocker | 52,025 (12.1) | 49,927 (11.9) | 2098 (22.2) | < 0.001 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 66,124 (15.4) | 63,389 (15.1) | 2735 (29.0) | < 0.001 |
| Diuretics | 60,560 (14.1) | 57,741 (13.8) | 2819 (29.9) | < 0.001 |
| Alpha blocker | 14,808 (3.5) | 14,180 (3.4) | 628 (6.7) | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%).
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, RAAS renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.