Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies reporting on healthcare workers' psychosocial status during the COVID-19 pandemic.
| No. | First author | Population | Medical facilities | Study location | Number of participants (n) | Response rate (%) | Sampling method | Survey form | Survey tools for anxiety, depression, stress | Completed questionnaire(n) | Completeness rate of data collection (%) | Gender (n) | Survey time | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | |||||||||||||
| 1 | Zi-feng Li | Frontline nurses | A designated hospital for COVID-19 | Yichang City, Hubei Province | 773 | 100 | Cluster sampling | Online questionnaire survey through Wenjuanxing APP | SAS | 773 | 100 | 95 | 678 | 02/2020 |
| 2 | Qiu-xiang Nong | Psychiatric nurses | Two psychiatric hospitals | Guangxi Province | 92 | 100 | Randomized cluster sampling | Questionnaire survey | SCL-90, SDS, SAS | 92 | 100 | 29 | 63 | 31/01/2020–03/02/2020 |
| 3 | Yu-ning Chen | Residents | The First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine | Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province | 712 | 71.27 | Cluster sampling | Questionnaire survey | PHQ-9, GAD-7 | 711 | 99.86 | 315 | 396 | 03/02/2020–16/02/2020 |
| 4 | Na Zhenga | Non-frontline nurses | Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College | Wuhan City, Hubei Province | 118 | 100 | Cluster sampling | Questionnaire survey | SCL-90 | 118 | 100 | 2 | 116 | 20/01/2020–05/02/2020 |
| 5 | Xiao-wen Gu | Frontline nurses | The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen | Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province | 564 | 100 | Convenience and cluster sampling | Questionnaire survey | SAS, SDS | 564 | 100 | NR | NR | 01/2020–02/2020 |
| 6 | Wei Weia | Nurses in operating room | The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University | Zhengzhou City, Henan Province | 401 | 96.39 | Cluster sampling | Online questionnaire survey through Wenjuanxing APP | PQEPHE | 401 | 100 | 66 | 335 | 03/02/2020–08/02/2020 |
| 7 | Xiao-lei Liu | Nurses | Chinese PLA General Hospital | Beijing City | 1,097 | 100 | Cluster sampling | Online questionnaire survey | PHQ-9, GAD-7, SRQ-20 | 1,097 | 100 | 19 | 1,078 | 01/02/2020–18/02/2020 |
| 8 | Jia-qi Xu | Nurses | Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College | Wuhan City, Hubei Province | 136 | 100 | Cluster sampling | Online questionnaire survey through Wenjuanxing APP | PHQ-9, GAD-7, Fear NRS | 136 | 100 | 0 | 136 | 29/01/2020–31/01/2020 |
| 9 | Ji-zheng Huang | Frontline HWs | A designated hospital for COVID-19 | Fuyang City, Henan Province | 230 | 93.50 | Cluster sampling | Online questionnaire survey through Wenjuanxing APP | SAS, PTSD-SS | 230 | 100 | 43 | 187 | 07/02/2020–14/02/2020 |
| 10 | Xia Chen | Frontline HWs | National Aid Hubei Medical Team from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region | Hubei Province | 386 | 100 | Cluster sampling | Online questionnaire survey | SAS | 361 | 93.52 | 19 | 342 | 28/01/2020–29/02/2020 |
| 11 | Di Wu | Frontline HWs | National Aid Hubei Medical Team from Henan Province | Hubei Province | 480 | 62.70 | Cluster sampling | Online questionnaire survey | SQR | 620 | 100 | 241 | 379 | 29/02/2020–01/03/2020 |
| 12 | Zhen-xiao Sun | HWs in psychiatry department | Mental Health Center of Linyi City | Linyi City, Shandong Province | 121 | 97.58 | Random sampling | Questionnaire survey | PHQ-9,GAD-7 | 121 | 100 | 40 | 81 | 05/03/2020 |
| 13 | Zheng Li | Frontline nurses | National Aid Hubei Medical Team from Shanxi Province | Hubei Province | 133 | 100 | Cluster sampling | Online questionnaire survey | DASS-21 | 130 | 97.74 | 9 | 121 | 06/02/2020–20/02/2020 |
| 14 | Xiang-lai Liu | Frontline HWs | National Aid Hubei Medical Team from Hainan Province | Hubei Province | 221 | 90.95 | Cluster sampling | Online questionnaire survey through Wenjuanxing APP | SAS, SDS, SRQ-20, PCL-C | 221 | 100 | 73 | 148 | 17/03/2020 |
| 15 | Zhong-wei Guo | Frontline HWs | National Aid Hubei Medical Team from Zhejiang Province | Hubei Province | 130 | 86.67 | Cluster sampling | Online questionnaire survey through Wenjuanxing APP | PHQ-9, GAD-7 | 130 | 100 | 45 | 85 | 10/02/2020–12/02/2020 |
| 16 | Xiao-ming Xu | Frontline HWs | Designated hospitals for COVID-19 | Chongqing City | 8,817 | 90.62 | Cluster sampling | Online questionnaire survey through Chongyixinli platform | PHQ-9, GAD-7 | 8,817 | 100 | 1,943 | 6,874 | 14/02/2020–23/02/2020 |
| 17 | S. Wang | HWs | Children's Healthcare Centre of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University | Wuhan City, Hubei Province | 129 | 52.44 | Cluster sampling | Questionnaire survey | SAS, SDS | 123 | 95.35 | 12 | 111 | 30/01/2020–07/02/2020 |
| 18 | Ming-yu Si | HWs | Hospitals of seven Geographical regions in China | Seven provinces in mainland China | 863 | 75.57 | Purpose sampling | Online questionnaire survey | IES-6, DASS-21 | 863 | 100 | 253 | 610 | 23/02/2020–05/03/2020 |
| 19 | Juan Yang | HWs | Five designated hospitals for COVID-19 | Chongqing City | 456 | 91.2 | Cluster and random sampling | Online questionnaire survey | PHQ-9, GAD-7, IES-R | 456 | 100 | 134 | 222 | 01/02/2020–14/02/2020 |
| 20 | Zhong-xiang Cai | Nurses | Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University | Wuhan City, Hubei Province | 709 | 72.94 | Cluster sampling | Online questionnaire survey through Wechat APP | PHQ-9, GAD-7, IES-R | 709 | 100 | 25 | 684 | 28/01/2020–02/02/2020 |
| Nurses | Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University | Wuhan City, Hubei Province | 621 | 63.89 | Cluster sampling | Online questionnaire survey through Wechat APP | PHQ-9, GAD-7, IES-R | 621 | 100 | 16 | 605 | 26/02/2020–28/02/2020 | ||
| 21 | Teng-fei Tian | Frontline HWs | Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital | Beijing City | 845 | 79.94 | Cluster sampling | Online questionnaire survey through Wenjuanxing APP | PSS-10, PHQ-9, GAD-7, ISI | 845 | 100 | 131 | 714 | 06/04/2020–10/04/2020 |
| 22 | De-ying Hua | Frontline nurses | Wuhan Union Hospital and Huo Shen Shan Hospital | Wuhan City, Hubei Province | 2,110 | 81.15 | Cluster sampling | Online questionnaire survey through Wenjuanxing APP | SAS, SDS | 2,014 | 95.45 | 260 | 1,754 | 13/02/2020–24/02/2020 |
| 23 | Zhou Zhu | Frontline HWs | Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College | Wuhan City, Hubei Province | 5,281 | 80.40 | Cluster sampling | Online questionnaire survey through Wenjuanxing APP | PHQ-9, GAD-7, IES-R | 5,062 | 95.85 | 758 | 4,304 | 08/02/2020–10/02/2020 |
| 24 | Jian-bo Lai | Frontline HWs | 34 hospitals equipped with fever clinics or wards for COVID-19 | 20 hospitals in Wuhan City, 7 hospitals in other regions of Hubei province, and 7 hospitals from 7 otherprovinces with a high incidence of COVID-19 | 1,257 | 68.69 | Region-stratified and 2-stage cluster sampling | Questionnaire survey | PHQ-9, GAD-7, IES-R | 1,257 | 100 | 293 | 964 | 29/01/2020–03/02/2020 |
| 25 | Guo Li | Female frontline HWs | Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College | Wuhan City, Hubei Province | 4,369 | 82.17 | Cluster sampling | Online questionnaire survey through Wenjuanxing APP | PHQ-9, GAD-7, IES-R | 4,369 | 100 | 0 | 4,369 | 08/02/2020–15/02/2020 |
DASS-21, depression anxiety stress scale-21; GAD-7, generalized anxiety scale-7; IES-R, impact of event scale—revised; NRS, numeric rating scale; PCL-C, the PTSD checklist—civilian version; PHQ-9, patient health questionaire-9; PQEPHE, the psychosocial questionnaire of emergency public health events; PSS, perceived stress scale; PTSD-SS, post-traumatic stress disorder self-rating scale; SAS, self-rating anxiety scale; SCL-90, symptom self-assessment scale; SDS, self-rating depression scale; SRQ-20, self-reporting questionnaire-20; SQR, stress reaction questionnaire.
a
The study was not included in the meta-analysis.