. 2021 Apr 15;100(7):101196. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101196

Table 6.

Cecal sIgA concentrations and relative cytokine mRNA expression levels of chicks in different treatment groups.¹

Item	NC	PC	HB	PF	SEM²	P-value
TNFα	1.13^c	1.93^a	1.57^b	1.18^c	0.069	0.002
IFNγ	1.76^b	3.59^a	2.87^a	2.13^b	0.174	0.002
IL4	2.29^ab	1.79^b	3.08^a	3.24^a	0.255	0.031
IgA/pg•mL⁻¹	1156.55^a	1069.87^b	1203.10^a	1238.94^a	22.071	0.006

Abbreviations: HB, herbal blend group; NC, negative control group; PC, positive control group; PF, probiotic-fermented herbal blend group.

Data represent the mean value (n = 5) for each treatment group.

Pooled standard error of mean.

^a,b,c,d

Different superscripts within a row indicate significantly different means (P < 0.05).