Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of the study population (N=312)
| Characteristic | Mild (N=115) | Moderate (N=159) | Severe (N=38) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 39 (21-74) | 46 (20-90) | 61 (42-90) | <0.001 |
| Gender, female | 50 (43.5) | 73 (45.9) | 17 (44.7) | 0.923 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.8±5.3* | 29.3±5.4 | 30.5±6.6 | 0.002 |
| Smoking | 39 (33.9) | 21 (13.2) | 8 (21.1) | <0.001 |
| Hospital stay, day | 8 (2-19) | 8 (3-21) | 18 (6-30)* | <0.001 |
| Symptoms, n (%) | ||||
| Cough | 41 (35.7) | 71 (44.7) | 23 (60.5)* | 0.024 |
| Fever (>37.8 C) | 30 (26.1) | 54 (34.0) | 24 (63.2)* | <0.001 |
| Myalgia | 29 (25.2) | 39 (24.5) | 11 (28.9) | 0.853 |
| Fatigue | 13 (11.3) | 23 (14.5) | 5 (13.2) | 0.747 |
| Dyspnea | 13 (11.3) | 24 (15.1) | 33 (86.8)* | <0.001 |
| Headache | 13 (11.3) | 16 (10.1) | 2 (5.3)) | 0.557 |
| Anosmia/ageusia | 11 (9.6) | 16 (10.1) | 0 (0) | 0.127 |
| Diarrhea | 7 (6.1) | 6 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 0.250 |
| Asymptomatic | 36 (31.3) | 36 (22.6) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 21 (18.3) | 37 (23.3) | 20 (52.6)* | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 15 (13.0) | 32 (20.1) | 13 (34.2) | 0.015 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 15 (13.0) | 14 (8.8) | 8 (21.1) | 0.098 |
| Bronchial Asthma | 11 (9.6) | 20 (12.6) | 3 (7.9) | 0.599 |
| Hypothyroidism | 12 (10.4) | 10 (6.3) | 2 (5.3) | 0.373 |
| Cardiovascular Disease | 6 (5.2) | 10 (6.3) | 8 (21.1)* | 0.004 |
| COPD | 2 (1.7) | 2 (1.3) | 5 (13.2)* | <0.001 |
| Laboratory, median (IQR) | ||||
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 5.0 (1.6-9.2) | 7.5 (2.2-14.0) | 34.5 (13.8-81.3)* | <0.001 |
| Ferritin, µg/L | 60 (23-125) | 110 (38-206) | 276 (130-396) | <0.001 |
| D-dimer (µg/mL) | 0.25 (0.19-0.35) | 0.36 (0.21-0.56) | 0.59 (0.33-1.08)* | <0.001 |
| WBC, 103/µL | 5.6 (4.1-7.3) | 5.2 (4.1-5.9) | 5.4 (4.7-6.8) | 0.042 |
| Lymphocyte, 103/µL | 1.7 (1.2-2.2)) | 1.5 (1.2-2.0) | 1.3 (1.0-1.9) | 0.037 |
| Neutrophil, 103/µL | 3.1 (2.2-4.7) | 3.0 (2.2-3.9) | 3.7 (2.9-4.5)* | 0.022 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.5 (13.2-15.5) | 14.3 (13.0-15.2) | 13.9 (12.8-14.5) | 0.099 |
| Grip strength, kg | 35.1+11.2 | 34.7+11.1 | 26.5+12.4* | 0.006 |
| Low grip strength, n (%) | 11 (9.6) | 14 (8.8) | 15 (39.5)* | <0.001 |
Data are given as mean±SD, median (min-max), median (IQR) or n (%).
Statistically significant variables are shown as bold.
BMI; body mass index, IQR; interquartile range, WBC; white blood cell; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
⁎
The statistical difference is caused from this value.