Table 2.

Hazard ratios of chronic kidney disease, according to leisure-time, occupational, and commuting physical activity.

	Cases/Subjects	Person-years	Model 1b	Model 2c	Model 3d
Leisure-time physical activity
Inactive (0 MET-h/week)	2557/11,170	94,647	1.00 [reference]	1.00 [reference]	1.00 [reference]
Low (> 0 to < 7.5 MET-h/week)	643/2896	25,572	0.92 [0.84–1.00]	0.93 [0.85–1.01]	0.94 [0.86–1.03]
Moderate (7.5 to < 16.5 MET-h/week)	474/1901	16,116	1.04 [0.94–1.15]	1.05 [0.95–1.17]	1.06 [0.96–1.17]
High (≥ 16.5 MET-h/week)	339/1364	11,417	1.04 [0.92–1.16]	1.05 [0.94–1.18]	1.07 [0.96–1.20]
		P for trenda	0.402	0.255	0.112
Occupational physical activity
Sedentary	2403/9327	79,584	1.00 [reference]	1.00 [reference]	1.00 [reference]
Standing/Walking	1246/6150	51,974	0.88 [0.82–0.94]e	0.88 [0.81–0.96]e	0.88 [0.86–0.96]e
Fairly active	364/1854	16,194	0.88 [0.79–0.98]e	0.89 [0.78–1.02]	0.91 [0.81–1.03]
		P for trenda	< 0.001	0.020	0.015
Commuting physical activity
< 20 min	2013/9382	80,581	1.00 [reference]	1.00 [reference]	1.00 [reference]
20 to < 40 min	1334/5417	46,106	1.10 [1.03–1.18]e	1.06 [0.98–1.15]	1.06 [0.98–1.15]
≥ 40 min	666/2532	21,066	1.14 [1.04–1.25]e	1.08 [0.96–1.20]	1.08 [0.97–1.21]
		P for trenda	0.001	0.139	0.109

Data are shown as the hazard ratio [95% confidence interval].

^aP value for the linear trend was calculated by using the Cox proportional hazards regression and assigning each category of physical activity as a continuous variable.

^bModel 1 was adjusted for baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (60 to 89 or ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m²), age (continuous), and sex.

^cModel 2 was further adjusted for baseline smoking status (never, former, or current), alcohol consumption (0, > 0 to < 2, or ≥ 2go/day), occupation (engineering, production, office and administration, or others), job position (high or low), overtime work (< 45, 45 to < 60, 60 to < 80, 80 to < 100, or ≥ 100 h), shift work (yes or no), commuting mode (walking, bicycling, train/bus, or car/motorbike), sleep duration (< 5, 5 to < 6, 6 to < 7, or ≥ 7 h per day), and the other types of physical activity (i.e., leisure-time physical activity [0, > 0 to < 7.5, 7.5 to < 16.5, or ≥ 16.5 MET-h/week], occupational physical activity [sedentary, standing or walking, and fairly physically activity], or walking for commuting to and from work [< 20 min, 20 to < 40 min, or ≥ 40 min]).

^dModel 3 was further adjusted for potential mediators, including baseline hypertension, diabetes, history of cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and body mass index (< 18.5, 18.5 to < 25.0, 25.0 to < 30.0, or ≥ 30.0 kg/m²). ^eP < 0.05 (2-tailed).