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. 2021 Jun 10;11:12253. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90452-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Electrocardiograms during anaesthesia confirm longer QT interval. (A–D) RR interval (A), PR interval (B), QRS duration (C) and QT interval (D) at baseline and after isoprenaline administration in WT (n = 9), HET (n = 9) and HOM (n = 8) mice. (E) QT (%) change from baseline. (F) Isoprenaline induced changes in T wave orientation in a subset of WT and HET mice and the majority of HOM mice 1 min after administration, which subsided 5 min after administration in the majority of cases. (G) Representative traces five minutes after isoprenaline injection. The dashed lines indicate where QT was measured using the tangent approach. Note that in this HOM mouse, the T wave was not only prolonged, but also became positive, illustrating the T wave orientation changes of F. (A–E) tested with two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons testing. *: WT versus HOM, P < 0.05, **: WT versus HOM, P < 0.01. ANOVA, analysis of variance; HET, heterozygous; HOM, homozygous; WT, wild-type.