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. 2021 Jun 10;11:12253. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90452-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Ex vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and islet area in 22–24 week old mice. (A, B) Pancreatic sections of mice at 22 weeks of age were stained for insulin from WT (n = 6), HET (n = 9) and HOM (n = 7) mice, as shown in representative images (scale bar: 50 µm) (A). Islet area, the percentage of beta-cell area, and the absolute beta-cell area were measured in 5 islets per mouse and subsequently averaged per mouse. (C) Isolated islets from 22 to 24 week old WT (n = 7), HET (n = 9) and HOM (n = 8) mice were first exposed to 3 and then 16.7 M glucose. Insulin was measured in the perifusate and comparisons of peak insulin levels are depicted (D). (E) Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was normalized to islet area measured in (B) and comparisons of peak insulin levels are depicted (F). Tested with one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons testing. *: WT versus HOM, P < 0.05; #: WT versus HET, P < 0.05. ANOVA, analysis of variance; HET, heterozygous; HOM, homozygous; WT, wild-type.